Wang Miao, Peng Siyi, Liu Dongru, Long Dingbiao, Liu Zuohua, Pu Shihua
College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.
Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Chongqing 402460, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Mar 15;13(6):1058. doi: 10.3390/ani13061058.
Fine particulate matter (PM) can carry numerous substances and penetrate deep into the respiratory tract due to its small particle size; associated harmful microorganisms are suspected to increase health risks for humans and animals. To find out the microbial compositions of PM in piggeries, their interaction and traceability, we collected PM samples from a piggery while continuously monitoring the environmental indicators. We also identified pathogenic bacteria and allergens in the samples using high-throughput sequencing technology. We analyzed the microbial differences of PM samples at different heights and during different times of day and investigated the microbial dynamics among the PM samples. To better understand the interaction between microorganisms and environmental factors among different microbial communities, we applied the network analysis method to identify the correlation among various variables. Finally, SourceTracker, a commonly used microbial traceability tool, was used to predict the source of airborne microorganisms in the pig house. We identified 14 potential pathogenic bacteria and 5 allergens from PM in the pig houses, of which was the dominant bacterium in all samples (relative abundance > 1%), which warrants attention. We found that bacteria and fungi directly affected the the microbial community. The bacterial community mainly played a positive role in the microbial community. Environmental variables mainly indirectly and positively affected microbial abundance. In the SourceTracker analysis using fecal matter and feed as sources and PM sample as sink, we found that fecal matter made the greatest contribution to both bacterial and fungal components of PM. Our findings provide important insights into the potential risks of pathogens in PM to human and animal health and their main sources.
细颗粒物（PM）由于粒径小，能够携带多种物质并深入呼吸道；人们怀疑与之相关的有害微生物会增加人类和动物的健康风险。为了弄清楚养猪场中PM的微生物组成、它们之间的相互作用以及溯源情况，我们在持续监测环境指标的同时，从一个养猪场采集了PM样本。我们还使用高通量测序技术鉴定了样本中的病原菌和过敏原。我们分析了不同高度和一天中不同时间的PM样本的微生物差异，并研究了PM样本之间的微生物动态。为了更好地理解不同微生物群落中微生物与环境因素之间的相互作用，我们应用网络分析方法来确定各种变量之间的相关性。最后，使用常用的微生物溯源工具SourceTracker来预测猪舍中空气传播微生物的来源。我们从猪舍的PM中鉴定出14种潜在病原菌和5种过敏原，其中 是所有样本中的优势菌（相对丰度>1%），这值得关注。我们发现细菌和真菌直接影响微生物群落。细菌群落在微生物群落中主要发挥积极作用。环境变量主要间接且积极地影响微生物丰度。在以粪便和饲料为源、PM样本为汇的SourceTracker分析中，我们发现粪便对PM的细菌和真菌成分贡献最大。我们的研究结果为PM中的病原体对人类和动物健康的潜在风险及其主要来源提供了重要见解。
