Effects of Temperature and on the Development, Longevity, and Reproduction of .

Temperature is a key environmental factor that influences mosquito phenotypic traits and the effectiveness of vector control strategies. () has shown promise as a microbial biocontrol agent due to its insecticidal properties; however, its effects on mosquitoes under different environmental conditions are still unexplored. This study investigated the effects of (strain WHk23) exposure on the life history traits of at two temperature conditions (20 °C and 30 °C), focusing on development, longevity, and reproductive fitness. Results showed that temperature significantly affected mosquito development and longevity, with faster development and shorter adult longevity observed at 30 °C compared to 20 °C. Exposure to further accelerated larval development and reduced adult emergence, with the effects being more pronounced at 30 °C than at 20 °C. Exposure to reduced adult longevity regardless of temperature. In addition, -exposed females had larger body sizes but lower fecundity and fertility, suggesting that exposure may cause physiological stress that disrupts reproductive processes. These findings highlight the importance of considering environmental factors in mosquito control programs while reinforcing the efficacy of as a sustainable biocontrol agent under a variety of environmental conditions.