Graça Inês C R, Martins Cláudia, Ribeiro Fernando, Nunes Alexandra
CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences (DCM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Biology (Basel). 2025 Apr 11;14(4):403. doi: 10.3390/biology14040403.
Metabolomics approaches, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS), have emerged as powerful tools for studying cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including hypertension. The use of biological fluids, like plasma and serum, has garnered significant interest due to their accessibility and potential in elucidating disease mechanisms. This review aims to summarize the current literature on the application of metabolomics techniques (FTIR, NMR, and MS) in the study of hypertension, focusing on their contributions to understanding disease pathophysiology, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic advancements. A comprehensive analysis of metabolomic studies was performed, with a particular emphasis on the diversity of altered metabolites associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and sex-related differences. Metabolomics techniques, including FTIR, NMR, and MS, provide comprehensive insights into the biochemical alterations underlying hypertension, such as amino acid and fatty acid metabolism impairment or inflammation and oxidative stress processes. This review underscores their role in advancing biomarker identification, deepening our understanding of disease mechanisms, and supporting the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. The integration of these tools highlights their potential in personalized medicine and their capacity to improve clinical outcomes.
代谢组学方法，如傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、核磁共振（NMR）光谱和质谱（MS），已成为研究包括高血压在内的心血管疾病（CVD）的有力工具。由于血浆和血清等生物体液易于获取且在阐明疾病机制方面具有潜力，因此对其使用已引起了广泛关注。本综述旨在总结当前关于代谢组学技术（FTIR、NMR和MS）在高血压研究中的应用的文献，重点关注它们在理解疾病病理生理学、生物标志物发现和治疗进展方面的贡献。对代谢组学研究进行了全面分析，特别强调了与收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）以及性别相关差异相关的代谢物变化的多样性。包括FTIR、NMR和MS在内的代谢组学技术为高血压潜在的生化改变提供了全面的见解，例如氨基酸和脂肪酸代谢受损或炎症及氧化应激过程。本综述强调了它们在推进生物标志物识别、加深我们对疾病机制的理解以及支持靶向治疗策略开发方面的作用。这些工具的整合凸显了它们在个性化医疗中的潜力以及改善临床结果的能力。
