Na Elisa S
School of Social Work, Psychology, & Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76209, USA.
Life (Basel). 2025 Apr 16;15(4):653. doi: 10.3390/life15040653.
Obesity is a chronic disease with prevalence rates that have risen dramatically over the past four decades. This increase is not due to changes in the human genome but rather to environmental factors that promote maladaptive physiological responses. Emerging evidence suggests that external influences, such as high-fat diets, modify the epigenome-the interface between genes and the environment-leading to persistent alterations in energy homeostasis. This review explores the role of epigenetic mechanisms in obesity, emphasizing insights from transgenic animal models and clinical studies. Additionally, we discuss the evolution of obesity research from homeostatic to allostatic frameworks, highlighting key neuroendocrine regulators of energy balance.
肥胖是一种慢性疾病，在过去四十年中其患病率急剧上升。这种上升并非由于人类基因组的变化，而是由于促进适应不良生理反应的环境因素。新出现的证据表明，外部影响，如高脂饮食，会改变表观基因组——基因与环境之间的界面——导致能量稳态的持续改变。这篇综述探讨了表观遗传机制在肥胖中的作用，重点介绍了转基因动物模型和临床研究的见解。此外，我们讨论了肥胖研究从稳态框架到非稳态框架的演变，强调了能量平衡的关键神经内分泌调节因子。
