Rathogwa-Takalani Funzani, Mudau Thabelo Rodney, Patrick Sean Mark, Shirinde Joyce, Voyi Kuku
Department of Advanced Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa.
School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Mar 26;22(4):502. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22040502.
The rise of asthma prevalence in recent decades has been attributed to changes in dietary patterns, especially in developing countries. Studies have also suggested that dietary patterns play an important role in both asthma development and management. This study aimed to investigate the association between consumption of various foods and environmental factors with asthma and wheeze among adolescents.
A self-administered standardized International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, respiratory health, exposure to air pollution, and diet on n = 2855 adolescents residing in Vhembe District, South Africa.
The prevalence of asthma and wheeze were 18.91% and 37.69%, respectively. Consuming various foods such as fast foods (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.06-1.88), bread (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.45-1.81), pasta (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.06-1.84), seafood (OR = 1.79; 95% CI: 0.65-1.24), and nuts (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.65-1.12) were significantly associated with asthma in the crude logistic regression analysis. Further analysis in the multiple regression model indicated a strong association of asthma with consumption of nuts (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.11-2.17), seafood (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.03-2.49), and cereal (OR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.45-0.99). In relation to wheeze, consumption of meat (red) (OR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.60-0.99) was a protective factor in the crude analysis. The multiple logistic regression model showed that, seafood (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59-0.96), fruit (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32-0.94), nuts (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.50-2.66), and olive oil (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.09-2.00) were significantly associated with wheeze.
Diet plays a major role in respiratory health, especially in asthma and wheeze. Dietary changes may play a role in reducing the burden of asthma and other respiratory symptoms in adolescents.
近几十年来哮喘患病率的上升归因于饮食模式的变化，尤其是在发展中国家。研究还表明，饮食模式在哮喘的发生和管理中都起着重要作用。本研究旨在调查青少年食用各种食物和环境因素与哮喘及喘息之间的关联。
采用自行填写的标准化儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究（ISAAC）问卷，收集了南非万贝区2855名青少年的人口统计学、呼吸健康、空气污染暴露和饮食数据。
哮喘和喘息的患病率分别为18.91%和37.69%。在粗逻辑回归分析中，食用各种食物，如快餐（比值比[OR]=1.41；95%置信区间[CI]：1.06 - 1.88）、面包（OR = 0.60；95% CI：0.45 - 1.81）、意大利面（OR = 1.39；95% CI：1.06 - 1.84）、海鲜（OR = 1.79；95% CI：0.65 - 1.24）和坚果（OR = 0.85；95% CI：0.65 - 1.12）与哮喘显著相关。多元回归模型的进一步分析表明，哮喘与食用坚果（OR = 1.55；95% CI：1.11 - 2.17）、海鲜（OR = 1.60；95% CI：1.03 - 2.49）和谷类食品（OR = 0.67；95% CI：0.45 - 0.99）密切相关。关于喘息，在粗分析中，食用红肉（OR = 0.77；95% CI：0.60 - 0.99）是一个保护因素。多元逻辑回归模型显示，海鲜（OR = 0.76；95% CI：0.59 - 0.96）、水果（OR = 0.55；95% CI：0.32 - 0.94）、坚果（OR = 1.88；95% CI：1.50 - 2.66）和橄榄油（OR = 1.48；95% CI：1.09 - 2.00）与喘息显著相关。
饮食在呼吸健康中起主要作用，尤其是在哮喘和喘息方面。饮食改变可能在减轻青少年哮喘和其他呼吸道症状的负担方面发挥作用。
