Institute of Epidemiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Thorax. 2010 Jun;65(6):516-22. doi: 10.1136/thx.2009.128256.
The increasing prevalence of asthma and allergy might be related to diet, particularly in Western countries. A study was undertaken to assess the association between dietary factors, asthma and allergy in a large international study including objective measurements of atopy.
Between 1995 and 2005, cross-sectional studies were performed in 29 centres in 20 countries. Parental questionnaires were used to collect information on allergic diseases and exposure factors and data from 50 004 randomly selected schoolchildren (8-12 years, 29 579 with skin prick testing) were analysed. Random effect models for meta-analysis were applied to calculate combined ORs.
Fruit intake was associated with a low prevalence of current wheeze in affluent (OR(adj) 0.86, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.02) and non-affluent countries (OR(adj) 0.71, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.88). Consumption of fish in affluent countries (OR(adj) 0.85, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.97) and of cooked green vegetables in non-affluent countries (OR(adj) 0.78, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.95) was associated with a lower prevalence of current wheeze. Overall, more frequent consumption of fruit, vegetables and fish was associated with a lower lifetime prevalence of asthma, whereas high burger consumption was associated with higher lifetime asthma prevalence. None of the food items was associated with allergic sensitisation. Except for fruit juice and fruit consumption, no associations were found with atopic wheeze. Food selection according to the 'Mediterranean diet' was associated with a lower prevalence of current wheeze and asthma ever (p(trend)=0.03).
Diet is associated with wheeze and asthma but not with allergic sensitisation in children. These results provide further evidence that adherence to the 'Mediterranean diet' may provide some protection against wheeze and asthma in childhood.
哮喘和过敏的发病率不断上升，这可能与饮食有关，尤其是在西方国家。本研究旨在评估饮食因素与哮喘和过敏之间的关系，该研究纳入了一项大型国际研究，其中包括对过敏的客观测量。
1995 年至 2005 年间，在 20 个国家的 29 个中心进行了横断面研究。通过父母问卷调查收集过敏疾病和暴露因素信息，并对 50004 名随机抽取的学龄儿童（8-12 岁，其中 29579 人进行了皮肤点刺试验）的数据进行了分析。应用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，计算合并 OR 值。
在富裕国家（调整后的 OR（adj）0.86，95%CI 0.73 至 1.02）和非富裕国家（调整后的 OR（adj）0.71，95%CI 0.57 至 0.88），水果摄入与当前喘息的低患病率相关。在富裕国家，食用鱼类（调整后的 OR（adj）0.85，95%CI 0.74 至 0.97）和在非富裕国家食用熟绿色蔬菜（调整后的 OR（adj）0.78，95%CI 0.65 至 0.95）与当前喘息的低患病率相关。总体而言，更频繁地食用水果、蔬菜和鱼类与更低的终身哮喘患病率相关，而高汉堡摄入量与更高的终身哮喘患病率相关。没有一种食物与过敏有关。除了果汁和水果摄入外，与特应性喘息无关联。根据“地中海饮食”选择食物与当前喘息和哮喘的低患病率相关（p（趋势）=0.03）。
饮食与儿童喘息和哮喘有关，但与过敏无关。这些结果进一步证明，坚持“地中海饮食”可能为儿童喘息和哮喘提供一定的保护。
