Khan Muhammad Zahoor, Li Yan, Zhu Mingxia, Li Mengmeng, Wang Tongtong, Zhang Zhenwei, Liu Wenqiang, Ma Qingshan, Wang Changfa
College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
Microorganisms. 2025 Mar 26;13(4):749. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13040749.
This review article highlights the surveillance of bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases in donkey populations in China. Key findings highlight significant threats from Equine herpesviruses (EHV-8 and EHV-1), which cause encephalitis, abortion, and respiratory distress. Several parasitic infections including , spp., , and present important zoonotic concerns across multiple regions of China. Additionally, this review synthesizes current knowledge on donkey microbiota across various body sites and examines their functional significance in health and disease. The complex relationship between the microbiota and host health represents a critical area of research in donkeys. Recent molecular advancements have enhanced our understanding of the diverse microbial ecosystems inhabiting different body sites in donkeys and their profound impact on health outcomes. As single-stomach herbivores, donkeys possess complex microbial communities throughout their digestive tracts that are essential for intestinal homeostasis and nutritional processing. Significant variations in microbiota composition exist across different intestinal segments, with the hindgut displaying greater richness and diversity compared to the foregut. Beyond the digestive system, distinct microbial profiles have been characterized across various body sites including the skin, oral cavity, reproductive tract, and body secretions such as milk. The health implications of donkey microbiota extend to critical areas including nutrition, immune function, and disease susceptibility. Research demonstrates how dietary interventions, environmental stressors, and physiological states significantly alter microbial communities, correlating with changes in inflammatory markers, antioxidant responses, and metabolic functions. Additionally, specific microbial signatures associated with conditions like endometritis and respiratory disease suggest the potential for microbiota-based diagnostics and therapeutics. The identification of antibiotic-resistant strains of and in donkey meat highlights food safety concerns requiring enhanced monitoring systems and standardized safety protocols. These findings provide a foundation for improved donkey healthcare management, including targeted disease surveillance, microbiota-based interventions, and protective measures for those working with donkeys or consuming donkey-derived products.
这篇综述文章重点介绍了中国驴群中细菌、病毒和寄生虫疾病的监测情况。主要发现突出了马疱疹病毒（EHV - 8和EHV - 1）带来的重大威胁，这些病毒可导致脑炎、流产和呼吸窘迫。包括 、 属、 和 在内的几种寄生虫感染在中国多个地区引发了重要的人畜共患病问题。此外，本综述综合了当前关于驴不同身体部位微生物群的知识，并研究了它们在健康和疾病中的功能意义。微生物群与宿主健康之间的复杂关系是驴研究中的一个关键领域。最近的分子进展加深了我们对驴不同身体部位所栖息的多样微生物生态系统及其对健康结果的深远影响的理解。作为单胃食草动物，驴在整个消化道中拥有复杂的微生物群落，这些群落对于肠道稳态和营养加工至关重要。不同肠道段的微生物群组成存在显著差异，后肠的丰富度和多样性高于前肠。除了消化系统，在包括皮肤、口腔、生殖道以及乳汁等身体分泌物在内的不同身体部位都已确定了独特的微生物特征。驴微生物群对健康的影响延伸至营养、免疫功能和疾病易感性等关键领域。研究表明，饮食干预、环境应激源和生理状态如何显著改变微生物群落，并与炎症标志物、抗氧化反应和代谢功能的变化相关。此外，与子宫内膜炎和呼吸道疾病等病症相关的特定微生物特征表明了基于微生物群的诊断和治疗的潜力。在驴肉中鉴定出 和 的抗生素耐药菌株突出了食品安全问题，需要加强监测系统和标准化安全协议。这些发现为改善驴的医疗保健管理奠定了基础，包括针对性的疾病监测、基于微生物群的干预措施以及针对与驴接触或食用驴产品的人员的保护措施。
