Chen Yuanjing, Su Guoqiang, Li Ning, Yang Zhengfeng, Yang Haiming, Wang Zhiyue
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China.
Vet Sci. 2025 Mar 28;12(4):310. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12040310.
This study evaluated the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) and crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activities in goslings during the brooding period. A total of 972 one-day-old Jiangnan White goslings were assigned to a 3 × 3 factorial design with three levels of Ca (0.32%, 0.96%, and 2.88%) and three levels of CP (14.5%, 18.5%, and 22.5%). Results showed that moderate Ca (0.96%) and CP (14.5-18.5%) levels optimized growth performance, with higher body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI), while excessive Ca (2.88%) impaired growth and the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Intestinal morphology was enhanced by 0.96% Ca and moderate CP levels, as reflected by greater villus height and crypt depth. Digestive enzyme activities in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were significantly influenced by dietary treatments, with moderate nutrient levels supporting optimal enzymatic efficiency. Nutrient utilization analyses revealed that Ca and CP levels interacted to optimize calcium, phosphorus, and protein metabolism, with the highest utilization rates observed at 0.96% Ca and 14.5% CP. These findings emphasize the importance of balanced dietary formulations to enhance growth performance, nutrient absorption, and metabolic efficiency in goslings, providing practical insights for improving poultry production.
本研究评估了日粮钙（Ca）和粗蛋白（CP）水平对雏鹅育雏期生长性能、养分利用率、肠道形态及消化酶活性的影响。将972只1日龄江南白鹅雏鹅按3×3析因设计进行分组，设三个钙水平（0.32%、0.96%和2.88%）和三个粗蛋白水平（14.5%、18.5%和22.5%）。结果表明，适量的钙（0.96%）和粗蛋白水平（14.5%-18.5%）可优化生长性能，具有较高的体重（BW）、平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI），而过量的钙（2.88%）则会损害生长和饲料转化率（FCR）。0.96%的钙和适量的粗蛋白水平可增强肠道形态，表现为绒毛高度增加和隐窝深度加深。十二指肠、空肠和回肠中的消化酶活性受日粮处理的显著影响，适量的养分水平支持最佳酶效率。养分利用率分析表明，钙和粗蛋白水平相互作用以优化钙、磷和蛋白质代谢，在钙水平为0.96%和粗蛋白水平为14.5%时利用率最高。这些发现强调了平衡日粮配方对提高雏鹅生长性能、养分吸收和代谢效率的重要性，为改善家禽生产提供了实际见解。
