Wan Yi, Ma Ruiyu, Khalid Anam, Chai Lilong, Qi Renrong, Liu Wei, Li Junying, Li Yan, Zhan Kai
Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Science, No. 40 Nongke West Road, Hefei 230031, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230001, China.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Mar 5;11(3):701. doi: 10.3390/ani11030701.
One of the most important factors that determine feed utilization by chickens is the feed form. Although it is generally believed that pellet diets have a positive effect on chicken growth, there are some studies that have indicated no difference between pellet and mash on chickens performance. This study was conducted to assess the effects of feed form on production performance, egg quality, nutrient metabolism and intestinal morphology in two breed laying hens. Two hundred and sixteen 25-week-old Hy-Line brown ( = 108) and Hy-Line grey ( = 108) hens were selected. Each breed was randomly allocated into two treatments with 6 replications (9 birds in each replication), which were fed mash and pellet diets, respectively. Production performances were recorded daily and egg quality traits were measured every two weeks. At 42 weeks of age, one bird per replication from each experimental group was selected for metabolism determination and intestine morphology observation. Compared with mash diets, pellet diets improved laying rate ( < 0.05), ADFI (average daily feed intake, < 0.05), egg weight, shell strength, yolk proportion and Haugh unit ( < 0.05) in both breeds and reduced the FCR (feed conversion ratio, < 0.05) in Hy-Line grey. The apparent digestibility of DM% (dry matter) and CP% (crude protein) were significantly higher ( < 0.05) in both breed laying hens fed pellet than those fed mash. The apparent digestibility of P% (phosphorus) and Ca% (calcium) was higher in Hy-Line grey fed pellet and was higher in Hy-Line brown fed mash. Compared to mash diets, pellet diets increased the VH (villus height), CD (crypt depth) and VCR (ratio of villus height to crypt depth) of the small intestine of Hy-Line grey, and increased the VH and CD of duodenum and ileum of Hy-Line brown. Overall, pellet diets improved production performance and nutrition metabolism through positive changes in the laying rate, feed intake, egg albumen quality and apparent digestibility of laying hens. The current findings provided support for the advantages of feeding pellets during the peak egg laying period for the two popular laying hen strains, Hy-Line brown and Hy-Line grey.
决定鸡饲料利用率的最重要因素之一是饲料形态。尽管人们普遍认为颗粒饲料对鸡的生长有积极影响，但也有一些研究表明颗粒饲料和粉料在鸡的生产性能方面并无差异。本研究旨在评估饲料形态对两个品种蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、营养物质代谢及肠道形态的影响。选取216只25周龄的海兰褐（n = 108）和海兰灰（n = 108）母鸡。每个品种随机分为两个处理组，每组6个重复（每个重复9只鸡），分别饲喂粉料和颗粒饲料。每天记录生产性能，每两周测定蛋品质性状。在42周龄时，从每个实验组的每个重复中选取1只鸡进行代谢测定和肠道形态观察。与粉料日粮相比，颗粒日粮提高了两个品种的产蛋率（P < 0.05）、平均日采食量（ADFI，P < 0.05）、蛋重、蛋壳强度、蛋黄比例和哈氏单位（P < 0.05），并降低了海兰灰的料蛋比（FCR，P < 0.05）。两个品种饲喂颗粒饲料的蛋鸡干物质（DM%）和粗蛋白（CP%）的表观消化率均显著高于饲喂粉料的蛋鸡（P < 0.05）。海兰灰饲喂颗粒饲料时磷（P%）和钙（Ca%）的表观消化率较高，海兰褐饲喂粉料时较高。与粉料日粮相比，颗粒日粮增加了海兰灰小肠的绒毛高度（VH）、隐窝深度（CD）和绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值（VCR），并增加了海兰褐十二指肠和回肠的VH和CD。总体而言，颗粒日粮通过提高蛋鸡的产蛋率、采食量、蛋清品质和表观消化率等积极变化，改善了生产性能和营养物质代谢。目前的研究结果为在产蛋高峰期给海兰褐和海兰灰这两个流行蛋鸡品种饲喂颗粒饲料的优势提供了支持。
