Landazabal-Castillo Sandra, Alva-Alvarez Lucero, Suarez-Agϋero Dilan, Mamani-Zapana Enrique, Mayta-Huatuco Egma
Molecular and Clinical Virology Laboratory, National University of San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru.
Vet Sci. 2025 Apr 21;12(4):392. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12040392.
(1) Background: The ongoing panzootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) of subtype H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b, has decimated wild/domestic birds and mammals' populations worldwide with reports of sporadic cases in humans. (2) Methods: This study aimed to compare the mutational profile of H5N1 avian Influenza virus isolated from a Peruvian natural reserve, with recent data from other related international studies made in human and different species of domestic and wild birds and mammals. Briefly, the near complete protein sequences of the Influenza virus coming from a were analyzed at a multisegmented level, together with 55 samples collected between 2022 and 2024 in different countries. Moreover, the glycosylation patterns were also predicted in silico. (3) Results: A total of 603 amino acid changes were found among H5N1 viruses analyzed, underscoring the detection of critical mutations HA:11I, HA:211I, HA:336T, HA:492D, HA:527I, NA:10T, NA:269L, NA:405T, NP:377N, PA:57R, PA:68S, PA:322V/L, PA:432I, PB2:539V, PB1:207R, PB1:375N, PB1:264D, PB1:429R, PA-X:250Q, PB1-F2:65R, and PB1-F2:42Y, as well as PA:13V, PA-X:13V, PA20T, PA-X:20T, PA:36T PA-X:36T, PA:45S, PA-X:45S, PA:57Q, PA-X:57Q, PA:61I, PA-X:61I, PA:68S, PA-X:68S, PA:70V, PA-X:70V, PA:75Q, PA-X:75Q, PA:85T, PA-X:85T, PA:86I, PA-X:86I, PA:100I, PA-X:100I, PA:142E, PA-X:142E, PA:160E, PA-X:160E, PA:211I, PA-X:211Y, among others, considered of importance under the One Health perspective. Similarly, changes in the N-linked glycosylation sites (NLGs) predicted in both HA and NA proteins were found, highlighting the loss/acquisition or changes in some NLGs, such as 209NNTN, 100 NPTT, 302NSSM (HA) and 70NNTN, 68NISS, and 50NGSV (NA). (4) Conclusions: This study provides our understanding about the evolution of current Influenza A viruses H5N1 HPAIV circulating globally. These findings outline the importance of surveillance updating mutational profiles and glycosylation patterns of these highly evolved viruses.
（1）背景：正在全球范围内流行的高致病性H5N1亚型禽流感病毒（HPAIV），进化分支为2.3.4.4b，已导致全球野生/家养鸟类和哺乳动物数量锐减，并有人类散发病例的报告。（2）方法：本研究旨在比较从秘鲁自然保护区分离出的H5N1禽流感病毒的突变特征，与其他相关国际研究中关于人类、家养和野生鸟类及哺乳动物不同物种的最新数据。简要来说，对来自一个……的流感病毒的近乎完整的蛋白质序列进行了多片段水平分析，并与2022年至2024年期间在不同国家收集的55个样本进行了分析。此外，还通过计算机模拟预测了糖基化模式。（3）结果：在所分析的H5N1病毒中总共发现了603个氨基酸变化，突出显示了关键突变的检测，如HA:11I、HA:211I、HA:3—36T、HA:492D、HA:52—7I、NA:10T、NA:269L, NA:405T、NP:377N、PA:57R、PA:68S、PA:322V/L、PA:432I、PB2:539V、PB1:207R、PB1:375N、PB1:264D、PB1:429R、PA-X:250Q、PB1-F2:65R和PB1-F2:42Y，以及PA:13V、PA-X:13V、PA20T、PA-X:20T、PA:36T、PA-X:36T、PA:45S、PA-X:45S、PA—57Q、PA-X:57Q、PA:61I、PA-X:61I、PA:68S、PA-X:68S、PA:70V、PA-X:70V、PA:75Q、PA-X:75Q、PA:85T、PA-X:85T、PA:86I、PA-X:86I、PA:100I、PA-X:100I、PA:142E、PA-X:142E、PA:160E、PA-X:160E、PA:211I、PA-X:211Y等，从“同一健康”视角来看这些都被认为是重要的。同样，在HA和NA蛋白中预测的N - 连接糖基化位点（NLGs）也有变化，突出显示了一些NLGs的缺失/获得或变化，如209NNTN、100NPTT、302NSSM（HA）和70NNTN、68NISS以及50NGSV（NA）。（4）结论：本研究增进了我们对当前全球流行的甲型H5N1高致病性禽流感病毒进化的理解。这些发现凸显了监测这些高度进化病毒的突变特征和糖基化模式更新的重要性。
