Ban Jiaqi, Qian Jiayi, Zhang Chi, Li Jun
School of Public Health, The key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Road, Guian New Area, Guiyang, 561113, Guizhou, China.
School of Clinical Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 561113, People's Republic of China.
J Transl Med. 2025 Apr 26;23(1):479. doi: 10.1186/s12967-025-06398-2.
TYRO3, MERTK, and AXL receptor tyrosine kinases, collectively known as TAM receptors, play a vital role in maintaining lung tissue homeostasis by regulating integrity and self-renewal. These receptors activate signalling pathways that inhibit apoptosis, promote cell proliferation and differentiation, mediate cell adhesion and migration, and perform other essential biological functions. Additionally, TAM receptors are implicated in mechanisms that suppress anti-tumor immunity and confer resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Disruption of the homeostatic balances can lead to pathological conditions such as lung inflammation, fibrosis, or tumors. Recent studies highlight their significant role in COVID-19-induced lung injury. However, the exact mechanisms by which TAM receptors contribute to lung diseases remain unclear. This article reviews the potential mechanisms of TAM receptor involvement in disease progression, focusing on lung inflammation, fibrosis, cancer, and COVID-19-induced lung injury. It also explores future research aspects and the therapeutic potentials of targeting TAM receptors, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding lung disease mechanisms and identifying treatment targets.
TYRO3、MERTK和AXL受体酪氨酸激酶统称为TAM受体，它们通过调节肺组织的完整性和自我更新，在维持肺组织稳态中发挥着至关重要的作用。这些受体激活的信号通路可抑制细胞凋亡、促进细胞增殖和分化、介导细胞黏附和迁移，并执行其他重要的生物学功能。此外，TAM受体还参与抑制抗肿瘤免疫和赋予对免疫检查点抑制剂耐药性的机制。体内平衡的破坏会导致诸如肺部炎症、纤维化或肿瘤等病理状况。最近的研究突显了它们在新冠病毒诱导的肺损伤中所起的重要作用。然而，TAM受体导致肺部疾病的确切机制仍不清楚。本文综述了TAM受体参与疾病进展的潜在机制，重点关注肺部炎症、纤维化、癌症以及新冠病毒诱导的肺损伤。文章还探讨了未来的研究方向以及靶向TAM受体的治疗潜力，为理解肺部疾病机制和确定治疗靶点提供理论基础。
