Martinez Isabel G, Biesiekierski Jessica R, Rauch Christopher E, Costa Ricardo J S
Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia.
Human Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Int J Sports Med. 2025 Jun;46(7):510-524. doi: 10.1055/a-2541-2821. Epub 2025 Apr 27.
This study examined gastrointestinal function, substrate utilization, and exercise performance differences in response to a gut-challenge between (1) female and male athletes, (2) young adult versus masters athletes, and (3) athletes with or without exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptom history (Ex-GIS). Fifty-three endurance athletes (43 males and 10 females) completed a gut-challenge involving a 2-hour run (60% O) with 90 g/h carbohydrate intake, followed by a 1-hour self-paced distance test (DT) with water. Blood and breath samples were collected pre- and post-exercise. Blood glucose and substrate utilization during exercise were measured, while Ex-GIS and feeding tolerance were assessed pre-, during, and post-exercise. Interest in food and appetite during exercise was lower in symptomatic athletes than asymptomatic athletes (<0.05). Females had a higher blood glucose concentration during exercise (=0.037) and immediately after exercise (=0.003) and a lower whole-body fat oxidation rate during exercise (=0.009). Exercise performance did not differ based on the biological sex, age, and Ex-GIS history. Overall, gastrointestinal functional markers were comparable between groups, while feeding tolerance and substrate availability and utilization appear to be influenced by the Ex-GIS history and biological sex, respectively. Tailored management of gastrointestinal issues in athletes should be based on an individual basis as opposed to general demographic characteristics.
本研究调查了以下三组人群在肠道应激反应下的胃肠功能、底物利用和运动表现差异：（1）男女运动员；（2）青年运动员与成年运动员；（3）有或无运动相关胃肠道症状史（Ex-GIS）的运动员。53名耐力运动员（43名男性和10名女性）完成了一项肠道应激测试，包括以60%的摄氧量进行2小时跑步并每小时摄入90克碳水化合物，随后进行1小时的自主配速距离测试（DT）并补充水分。在运动前后采集血液和呼出气体样本。测量运动期间的血糖和底物利用情况，同时在运动前、运动期间和运动后评估Ex-GIS和进食耐受性。有症状的运动员在运动期间对食物的兴趣和食欲低于无症状的运动员（<0.05）。女性在运动期间（=0.037）和运动后即刻（=0.003）血糖浓度较高，而在运动期间全身脂肪氧化率较低（=0.009）。运动表现不因生物性别、年龄和Ex-GIS病史而有所不同。总体而言，各组之间的胃肠功能指标相当，而进食耐受性以及底物可用性和利用情况似乎分别受Ex-GIS病史和生物性别的影响。与一般人口统计学特征不同，运动员胃肠道问题的个性化管理应基于个体情况。
