Pouptsis Athanasios, Zaragozá Rosa, García-Trevijano Elena R, Viña Juan R, Ortiz-Zapater Elena
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology-INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Nutrients. 2025 Mar 9;17(6):954. doi: 10.3390/nu17060954.
The lungs play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by facilitating gas exchange and serving as a structural and immune barrier. External factors, including nutrition, lifestyle, and environmental exposures, profoundly influence normal lung function and contribute to the development, progression, and prognosis of various respiratory diseases. Deficiencies in key micronutrients, such as vitamins A, D, and C, as well as omega-3 fatty acids, can impair the integrity of the epithelial lining, compromising the lungs' defense mechanisms and increasing susceptibility to injury and disease. Obesity and physical inactivity further disrupt respiratory function by inducing structural changes in the chest wall and promoting a pro-inflammatory state. Environmental pollutants further worsen oxidative damage and activate inflammatory pathways. Addressing these modifiable factors through interventions such as dietary optimization, physical activity programs, and strategies to reduce environmental exposure offers promising avenues for preserving lung function and preventing disease progression. This review examines the molecular pathways through which nutrition, lifestyle, and environmental influences impact lung homeostasis.
肺在通过促进气体交换以及作为结构和免疫屏障来维持体内平衡方面发挥着至关重要的作用。外部因素，包括营养、生活方式和环境暴露，会深刻影响正常的肺功能，并对各种呼吸系统疾病的发生、发展和预后产生影响。关键微量营养素的缺乏，如维生素A、D和C以及ω-3脂肪酸，会损害上皮内衬的完整性，损害肺部的防御机制，并增加受伤和患病的易感性。肥胖和缺乏身体活动会通过引起胸壁结构变化和促进促炎状态进一步扰乱呼吸功能。环境污染物会进一步加剧氧化损伤并激活炎症途径。通过饮食优化、体育活动计划以及减少环境暴露的策略等干预措施来解决这些可改变的因素，为保护肺功能和预防疾病进展提供了有前景的途径。本综述探讨了营养、生活方式和环境影响对肺稳态产生影响的分子途径。
