Crăciun Anca-Elena, Rusu Adriana, Bala Cornelia, Ciobanu Dana Mihaela, Crăciun Cristian-Ioan, Fodor Adriana, Roman Gabriela, Vonica Camelia, Inceu Georgeta
2nd Department, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Nutrients. 2025 Mar 8;17(6):950. doi: 10.3390/nu17060950.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Lifestyle factors, sociodemographic determinants, and dietary patterns play an important role in shaping genitors and fetal health. This study aimed to identify dietary patterns and to investigate the social determinants of health and lifestyle components associated with dietary patterns and body mass index (BMI) in a population of reproductive age.
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between March 2021 and February 2022. Self-reported data on age, weight, height, social determinants, lifestyle factors, and medical history were collected.
A total of 284 participants of reproductive age (≤40 years of age) were included in the analysis. We identified 3 main dietary patterns: (1) the Prudent pattern, associated with a higher probability of eating 3 meals/day, a longer eating jetlag and a higher probability of being a homemaker, unemployed, or a student; (2) the Western pattern, associated with eating after 9 p.m., a longer eating jetlag and negatively associated with the employment status (i.e., of being a homemaker, unemployed, or a student); and (3) the Unhealthy pattern, associated with being a smoker. Furthermore, using multivariate linear regression, we found that BMI was associated with living in rural area and adopting an Unhealthy dietary pattern. For the Unhealthy pattern, the adherence to it was higher in smoking men > smoking women, with a significant interaction between gender and smoking status ( < 0.001).
These data could be helpful in implementing personalized educational interventions in nutrition and lifestyle changes tailored for risk categories in order to improve health in people of reproductive age.
背景/目的：生活方式因素、社会人口统计学决定因素和饮食模式在塑造生育者和胎儿健康方面发挥着重要作用。本研究旨在确定饮食模式，并调查育龄人群中与饮食模式和体重指数（BMI）相关的健康和生活方式组成部分的社会决定因素。
于2021年3月至2022年2月进行了一项横断面在线调查。收集了关于年龄、体重、身高、社会决定因素、生活方式因素和病史的自我报告数据。
共有284名育龄（≤40岁）参与者纳入分析。我们确定了3种主要饮食模式：（1）谨慎模式，与每天吃三餐的可能性较高、进食时差较长以及成为家庭主妇、失业者或学生的可能性较高相关；（2）西方模式，与晚上9点后进食、进食时差较长相关，且与就业状况（即成为家庭主妇、失业者或学生）呈负相关；（3）不健康模式，与吸烟相关。此外，通过多元线性回归，我们发现BMI与生活在农村地区和采用不健康饮食模式有关。对于不健康模式，吸烟男性对其的依从性高于吸烟女性，性别与吸烟状况之间存在显著交互作用（<0.001）。
这些数据有助于针对风险类别实施个性化的营养和生活方式改变教育干预措施，以改善育龄人群的健康状况。
