Samal Janmejaya, Preetha G S, Kumar R Praveen, Lakshman Neha, Dehury Ranjit Kumar, Singh Hari
International Institute of Health Management Research, New Delhi, India.
School of Public Health, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
J Glob Infect Dis. 2025 Mar 31;17(1):36-51. doi: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_129_24. eCollection 2025 Jan-Mar.
The disastrous impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide necessitated the prompt development of vaccines to combat the situation; however, vaccination drives have been challenged by vaccine hesitancy among several communities across geographies. Understanding vaccine hesitancy and acceptance can help design appropriate vaccination strategies. With this background, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the prevalence and assess the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and acceptance among the Indian population.
This systematic review is reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The data were extracted from May 1, 2024, to May 30, 2024, using PubMed, Scopus, and DOAJ search engines. The keywords used in the search string are "COVID-19," "vaccine hesitancy," "vaccine acceptance," and "India." Finally, 26 articles were selected, and the included articles underwent a quality assessment with the help of the JBI-Checklist for cross-sectional studies. The pooled vaccine hesitancy and acceptance prevalence was estimated at a 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random effect model assuming potential heterogeneity. Analysis used Stata Now 18 SE (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA).
Of the 26 studies, 14 studies were conducted among healthcare workers, seven studies among the general population, two studies among pregnant women and one each among school children, parents, and socioeconomically disadvantaged people. The reported highest vaccine acceptance was 92.74% and 86.3%, and hesitancy was 60.8% and 50% among healthcare workers and the general population, respectively. Between the general population and healthcare workers, the estimated pooled prevalence of vaccine acceptance is 66.1% (95% CI: 53%-78%) and 65.9% (95% CI: 57%-74%), respectively. The estimated pooled prevalence of vaccine hesitancy is 33% (95% CI: 20%-46%) among the general population and 24% (95% CI: 11%-40%) among healthcare workers. With the random effect model, high heterogeneity was observed in both acceptance ( >99%) and hesitancy ( >98%).
A significant variation in the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine has been reported across different regions of India. Hence, future research is needed to enable comparability and generalizability, as the variations may also reflect differences in study designs, demographics, and time frames.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行在全球造成了灾难性影响，因此需要迅速研发疫苗来应对这一情况；然而，疫苗接种工作受到了各地多个社区疫苗犹豫情绪的挑战。了解疫苗犹豫和接受情况有助于设计合适的疫苗接种策略。在此背景下，开展了一项系统评价和荟萃分析，以估计印度人群中疫苗犹豫和接受情况的患病率，并评估与之相关的因素。
本系统评价按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南进行报告。使用PubMed、Scopus和DOAJ搜索引擎，于2024年5月1日至2024年5月30日提取数据。搜索词中使用的关键词为“COVID-19”“疫苗犹豫”“疫苗接受”和“印度”。最后，筛选出26篇文章，纳入的文章借助JBI横断面研究检查表进行了质量评估。采用随机效应模型，在假定存在潜在异质性的情况下，估计合并的疫苗犹豫和接受情况患病率的95%置信区间（CI）。分析使用Stata Now 18 SE（美国德克萨斯州大学站市Stata公司）。
在这26项研究中，14项研究针对医护人员开展，7项研究针对普通人群开展，2项研究针对孕妇开展，1项研究分别针对学童、家长和社会经济弱势群体开展。报告显示，医护人员和普通人群中最高的疫苗接受率分别为(92.74%)和(86.3%)，犹豫率分别为(60.8%)和(50%)。在普通人群和医护人员中，估计合并的疫苗接受患病率分别为(66.1%)（95%CI：53% - 78%）和(65.9%)（95%CI：57% - 74%）。估计普通人群中疫苗犹豫的合并患病率为(33%)（95%CI：20% - 46%），医护人员中为(24%)（95%CI：11% - 40%）。采用随机效应模型，在接受率（(I^2>99%)）和犹豫率（(I^2>98%)）方面均观察到高度异质性。
据报告，印度不同地区对COVID - 19疫苗的接受程度存在显著差异。因此，未来需要开展研究以实现可比性和可推广性，因为这些差异可能也反映了研究设计、人口统计学和时间框架方面的不同。
