Gadour Eyad, Miutescu Bogdan, Hassan Zeinab, Aljahdli Emad S, Raees Khurram
Multiorgan Transplant Centre of Excellence, Liver Transplantation Unit, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia.
Internal Medicine, Zamzam University College, School of Medicine, Khartoum 11113, Sudan.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2025 Apr 16;17(4):103391. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v17.i4.103391.
Owing to the complex and often asymptomatic presentations, the diagnosis of biliopancreatic diseases, including pancreatic and biliary malignancies, remains challenging. Recent technological advancements have remarkably improved the diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes in these diseases. This review explores key advancements in diagnostic modalities, including biomarkers, imaging techniques, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies. Biomarkers, such as cancer antigen 19-9, mutations, and inflammatory markers, provide crucial insights into disease progression and treatment responses. Advanced imaging modalities include enhanced computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography-CT, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic ultrasound. AI integration in imaging and pathology has enhanced diagnostic precision through deep learning algorithms that analyze medical images, automate routine diagnostic tasks, and provide predictive analytics for personalized treatment strategies. The applications of these technologies are diverse, ranging from early cancer detection to therapeutic guidance and real-time imaging. Biomarker-based liquid biopsies and AI-assisted imaging tools are essential for non-invasive diagnostics and individualized patient management. Furthermore, AI-driven models are transforming disease stratification, thus enhancing risk assessment and decision-making. Future studies should explore standardizing biomarker validation, improving AI-driven diagnostics, and expanding the accessibility of advanced imaging technologies in resource-limited settings. The continued development of non-invasive diagnostic techniques and precision medicine approaches is crucial for optimizing the detection and management of biliopancreatic diseases. Collaborative efforts between clinicians, researchers, and industry stakeholders will be pivotal in applying these advancements in clinical practice.
由于胆胰疾病（包括胰腺和胆道恶性肿瘤）的临床表现复杂且往往无症状，其诊断仍然具有挑战性。最近的技术进步显著提高了这些疾病的诊断准确性和患者治疗效果。本文综述探讨了诊断方式的关键进展，包括生物标志物、成像技术和基于人工智能（AI）的技术。生物标志物，如癌抗原19-9、基因突变和炎症标志物，为疾病进展和治疗反应提供了关键见解。先进的成像方式包括增强计算机断层扫描（CT）、正电子发射断层扫描-CT、磁共振胆胰管造影和内镜超声。人工智能在成像和病理学中的整合通过深度学习算法提高了诊断精度，这些算法可分析医学图像、自动化常规诊断任务并为个性化治疗策略提供预测分析。这些技术的应用多种多样，从早期癌症检测到治疗指导和实时成像。基于生物标志物的液体活检和人工智能辅助成像工具对于非侵入性诊断和个体化患者管理至关重要。此外，人工智能驱动的模型正在改变疾病分层，从而加强风险评估和决策制定。未来的研究应探索生物标志物验证的标准化、改进人工智能驱动的诊断，并在资源有限的环境中扩大先进成像技术的可及性。持续发展非侵入性诊断技术和精准医学方法对于优化胆胰疾病的检测和管理至关重要。临床医生、研究人员和行业利益相关者之间的合作努力对于在临床实践中应用这些进展将起到关键作用。
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