Zapata Naranjo Mateo, Ayala Torres Juan D, Suarez Poveda Alma Tatiana, García Vanessa, Alcazar Paternina Milena
Radiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, COL.
Cureus. 2025 Mar 26;17(3):e81256. doi: 10.7759/cureus.81256. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, traditionally associated with pulmonary manifestations. However, extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for a substantial portion of TB cases, particularly in immunocompromised patients. EPTB can affect virtually any organ system and often mimics other infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic conditions, making diagnosis particularly challenging. This pictorial review aims to illustrate the broad spectrum of imaging findings in EPTB using selected, confirmed cases involving hepatic, splenic, adrenal, pancreatic, genitourinary, lymphatic, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and central nervous system sites. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are highlighted for their diagnostic capabilities, with MRI offering superior soft tissue contrast and CT providing high-resolution evaluation of organ involvement and guiding tissue sampling. Each case presented is supported by microbiological, histopathological, or molecular confirmation, reinforcing the importance of correlating radiologic features with definitive diagnostic tools. By enhancing familiarity with the diverse radiologic appearances of EPTB, this review seeks to improve diagnostic confidence and facilitate timely clinical decision-making in complex cases.
结核病（TB）仍然是一项重大的全球健康挑战，传统上与肺部表现相关。然而，肺外结核病（EPTB）占结核病病例的很大一部分，尤其是在免疫功能低下的患者中。EPTB几乎可以影响任何器官系统，并且常常模仿其他感染性、炎症性或肿瘤性疾病，这使得诊断极具挑战性。本影像学综述旨在通过使用选定的、经证实的涉及肝脏、脾脏、肾上腺、胰腺、泌尿生殖系统、淋巴系统、胃肠道、心血管系统、肌肉骨骼系统和中枢神经系统部位的病例，阐述EPTB广泛的影像学表现。磁共振成像（MRI）和计算机断层扫描（CT）因其诊断能力而受到重点介绍，MRI提供卓越的软组织对比度，CT则对器官受累情况进行高分辨率评估并指导组织取样。所展示的每个病例均有微生物学、组织病理学或分子学证实，强化了将放射学特征与确定性诊断工具相关联的重要性。通过增进对EPTB多样放射学表现的熟悉程度，本综述旨在提高诊断信心，并促进复杂病例的及时临床决策。
