Jackson Quinn, Fricker Rachel, Toska Erjola, Ottley Alessandra, Carleo Alexa, Cutrali Gabriella, D'Alessio Olivia, Rossman Raquel, Kruchakov Samuel, Edelstein Abraham, Nathanson Lubov
Neurological Surgery, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA.
Neurology, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA.
Cureus. 2025 Mar 28;17(3):e81367. doi: 10.7759/cureus.81367. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, leading to damage of neuronal synapses, negatively impacting memory and cognition. Research efforts have shown the benefit of proper nutrition in reducing the progression of AD and slowing the condition's progression. Specifically, nutritional intake has been demonstrated to influence neuro-inflammatory pathways. Various diets, including ketogenic, Mediterranean, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), have been shown to prevent the onset of AD to different degrees. The primary objective of this scoping review was to assess the impacts of various diets on AD onset and progression to identify unmet needs and gaps in understanding. Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, peer-reviewed literature was searched using Boolean operators: "Alzheimer's" AND "ketogenic" OR "DASH diet" OR "MIND diet" OR "Mediterranean diet" on EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases. The search was restricted to articles written in English and published in the United States between January 1, 2013, and September 30, 2023. The initial search yielded 121 articles after removing duplicates. After filtering based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 articles were selected for further critical appraisal screening. The critical appraisal yielded 12 articles for the analysis included in this scoping review. This review supported the Mediterranean diet as the most effective in improving outcomes among patients with AD. The Mediterranean diet consists of a high intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, olive oil, and unrefined cereals, a moderate intake of fish and wine, and a low intake of dairy products, meat, poultry, and saturated fat. Other diets reviewed, including the DASH and MIND diets, also have promising effects on AD, with less conclusive evidence when compared to the Mediterranean diet. Limitations, including small sample sizes, short durations, and socioeconomic constraints impacting compliance, were noted. This scoping review supports the need for dietary recommendation guidelines for patients with AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）的特征是存在β-淀粉样蛋白斑块和神经原纤维缠结，导致神经元突触受损，对记忆和认知产生负面影响。研究表明，合理营养有助于减缓AD的进展。具体而言，营养摄入已被证明会影响神经炎症途径。各种饮食，包括生酮饮食、地中海饮食、地中海-延缓神经退行性疾病的饮食方法（MIND）饮食和终止高血压饮食方法（DASH），已被证明在不同程度上可预防AD的发生。本综述的主要目的是评估各种饮食对AD发生和进展的影响，以确定未满足的需求和理解上的差距。按照系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，使用布尔运算符在EMBASE、MEDLINE和科学网数据库中检索同行评审文献：“阿尔茨海默病”与“生酮”或“DASH饮食”或“MIND饮食”或“地中海饮食”。检索仅限于2013年1月1日至2023年9月30日期间在美国发表的英文文章。初步检索在去除重复项后得到了121篇文章。根据纳入和排除标准进行筛选后，选择了24篇文章进行进一步的严格评价筛选。严格评价产生了12篇文章用于本综述分析。本综述支持地中海饮食是改善AD患者预后最有效的饮食。地中海饮食包括大量摄入蔬菜、水果、豆类、坚果、橄榄油和未精制谷物，适量摄入鱼类和葡萄酒，以及少量摄入乳制品、肉类、家禽和饱和脂肪。其他被综述的饮食，包括DASH饮食和MIND饮食，对AD也有积极作用，但与地中海饮食相比，证据不太确凿。研究指出了一些局限性，包括样本量小、持续时间短以及影响依从性的社会经济限制。本综述支持为AD患者制定饮食推荐指南的必要性。
