Ascondo Josu, Llodio Iñaki, Marcos-Rivero Bingen, Granados Cristina, Romero Sheila, Iturricastillo Aitor, Yanci Javier
Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Research Group in Physical Activity, Physical Exercise and Sport (AKTIBOki), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Mar 14;25(6):1813. doi: 10.3390/s25061813.
The purpose was to design and validate a battery of physical tests, called EFEPD-1.0, adapted to assess functionality in people with disabilities. In addition, we sought to analyze the validity and reliability of this battery both for the total group and differentiated by sex. A total of 43 adults with disabilities (32 women and 11 men) participated (57.11 ± 10.12 years). The battery was composed of five blocks of functionality: neuromuscular, combined actions, acceleration, balance, and cardiovascular. The neuromuscular functionality was measured by the vertical and horizontal jump test using the optical system (Opto Jump Next, Microgate, Bolzano, Italy) as well as the Hand Grip (HG) test using a (5030J1, Jamar, Sammons Preston, Inc, Nottinghamshire, UK) hand dynamometer. The combined actions and balance functionality were assessed with the Time Up and Go (TUG) test, the 30 s Chair Stand (30CTS) test, and the One-Leg Stance (OLS) test measured by a manual stopwatch (HS-80TW-1EF, Casio, Tokyo, Japan). The acceleration functionality was evaluated through 20 m sprints and the 505 change of direction (COD505) test, using the (Microgate, Witty, Bolzano, Italy) photocell system. The cardiovascular functionality was evaluated with the Six-Minute Walking Test (6MWT), where heart rate was monitored using the (Polar Team Sport System, Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland), and additional walking mechanics were recorded with Stryd (Stryd Everest 12 Firmware 1.18 Software 3, Stryd Inc., Boulder, CO, USA). The results showed that the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from moderate to almost perfect (ICC = 0.65-0.98) between test repetitions. Some tests could significantly differentiate ( < 0.05) men and women, highlighting better neuromuscular capacity in men and better balance in women. The correlations between tests showed significant convergent validity. The Evaluation of Functionality in the Disabled Population (EFEPD-1.0) battery not only consistently measures functional capacities in people with disabilities, but it can also discriminate between different subgroups within this population.
目的是设计并验证一套名为EFEPD - 1.0的体能测试组合，该组合适用于评估残疾人的功能。此外，我们试图分析该测试组合对于总体人群以及按性别区分后的有效性和可靠性。共有43名成年残疾人（32名女性和11名男性）参与（年龄57.11±10.12岁）。该测试组合由五个功能模块组成：神经肌肉、联合动作、加速、平衡和心血管。神经肌肉功能通过使用光学系统（Opto Jump Next，Microgate，意大利博尔扎诺）进行的垂直和水平跳跃测试以及使用（5030J1，Jamar，Sammons Preston，Inc，英国诺丁汉郡）握力计进行的握力（HG）测试来测量。联合动作和平衡功能通过定时起立行走（TUG）测试、30秒椅子站立（30CTS）测试以及使用手动秒表（HS - 80TW - 1EF，卡西欧，日本东京）测量的单腿站立（OLS）测试来评估。加速功能通过20米短跑和505变向（COD505）测试来评估，使用（Microgate，Witty，意大利博尔扎诺）光电管系统。心血管功能通过六分钟步行测试（6MWT）来评估，其中使用（Polar Team Sport System，Polar Electro Oy，芬兰凯姆佩莱）监测心率，并使用Stryd（Stryd Everest 12固件1.18软件3，Stryd Inc.，美国科罗拉多州博尔德）记录额外的步行力学数据。结果表明，测试重复之间的组内相关系数（ICC）从中度到几乎完美（ICC = 0.65 - 0.98）。一些测试能够显著区分（<0.05）男性和女性，突出显示男性具有更好的神经肌肉能力，女性具有更好的平衡能力。测试之间的相关性显示出显著的收敛效度。残疾人功能评估（EFEPD - 1.0）测试组合不仅能够持续测量残疾人的功能能力，还能够区分该人群中的不同亚组。
