Liu Yingying, Lv Jiapei, Guo Changsheng, Jin Xiaowei, Zuo Depeng, Xu Jian
College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2025 May 21;27(5):1196-1228. doi: 10.1039/d4em00793j.
Antidepressants are increasingly detected in aquatic environments due to their incomplete removal in wastewater treatment, raising significant concerns about their ecological impacts. This review focuses on the three most widely used classes of antidepressants-tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). It systematically explores their physicochemical properties and how these properties influence their environmental fate, including sorption, mobility, and bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems. The sublethal effects of these antidepressants on aquatic organisms, particularly their impacts on behavior, reproduction, and development, are critically analyzed, highlighting potential threats to biodiversity and ecological stability. Key knowledge gaps are identified, including the long-term impacts of chronic low-dose exposure, the role of bioactive metabolites, and the combined toxicity of antidepressants with other contaminants. The review underscores the importance of advanced wastewater treatment technologies, environmentally mindful prescribing practices, and public awareness campaigns as essential measures to mitigate these risks. By addressing these challenges, this study aims to inform future research and guide sustainable environmental management strategies.
由于抗抑郁药在废水处理过程中未被完全去除，其在水生环境中的检出率日益增加，这引发了人们对其生态影响的重大担忧。本综述聚焦于三类使用最为广泛的抗抑郁药——三环类抗抑郁药（TCAs）、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（SSRIs）和5-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂（SNRIs）。它系统地探讨了它们的物理化学性质，以及这些性质如何影响它们在环境中的归宿，包括在水生生态系统中的吸附、迁移和生物累积。对这些抗抑郁药对水生生物的亚致死效应，尤其是它们对行为、繁殖和发育的影响进行了批判性分析，突出了对生物多样性和生态稳定性的潜在威胁。确定了关键的知识空白，包括长期低剂量暴露的长期影响、生物活性代谢物的作用以及抗抑郁药与其他污染物的联合毒性。该综述强调了先进的废水处理技术、注重环境的处方做法和公众宣传活动作为减轻这些风险的必要措施的重要性。通过应对这些挑战，本研究旨在为未来的研究提供信息，并指导可持续的环境管理策略。
