Barkhidarian Bahareh, Soveid Neda, Samadi Mahsa, Lesani Azadeh, Aghakhani Amirhossein, Yekaninejad Mir Saeed, Saedisomeolia Ahmad, Karbasian Maryam, Siadat Seyed Davar, Mirzaei Khadijeh
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O Box 6446, Tehran, 14155, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Eur J Nutr. 2025 Apr 28;64(4):166. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03671-4.
Plant-based diets are associated with improved appetite regulation. Moreover, gut microbiota has been linked to appetite. The present study aims to determine the association between plant-based dietary indices (PDIs) and appetite-regulating peptides (fasting level of Leptin, GLP-1, and ghrelin) and gut microbiota profile in healthy women. Furthermore, the potential covariate role of gut microbiota in the association between PDIs and appetite is investigated.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 91 healthy women (18-50 years). Body composition, anthropometric indices, dietary intake, PDIs, subjective appetite, appetite-regulating peptides (fasting level of leptin, GLP-1, and ghrelin), physical activity, sleep quality, and gut microbiota profile were evaluated.
There was a significant inverse association between scores of PDI and healthful plant-based dietary index (hPDI) with leptin and IL-6 (p < 0.05). A higher hPDI was associated with a lower GLP-1 concentration (p = 0.04). Additionally, uPDI (unhealthful plant-based diet index) was inversely associated with satiety (p = 0.02) and positively associated with hunger (p = 0.02). Moreover, higher PDI was associated with higher Prevotella abundance (p = 0.01). Our findings suggest that Firmicutes and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio might be involved in the associations between hPDI and both leptin and GLP-1 levels. Additionally, A. muciniphila may play a role in the association between hPDI and GLP-1 levels as a relevant microbial factor. However, the potential mediating effects of these bacteria should be investigated in future studies.
We indicated an inverse association between higher PDI and hPDI scores with appetite-related hormones and IL-6. Moreover, higher uPDI was related to appetite sensation and a higher PDI score increased the abundance of Prevotella. The association between hPDI scores and appetite-regulating hormones may be influenced by the gut microbiota. Considering lower levels of fasting GLP-1 in relation with hPDI, it appears further evaluation of the postprandial state of GLP-1 in cohort studies or intervention trials is also warrented to better elucidate their association.
植物性饮食与改善食欲调节有关。此外，肠道微生物群与食欲有关。本研究旨在确定植物性饮食指数（PDIs）与食欲调节肽（瘦素、胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）和胃饥饿素的空腹水平）以及健康女性肠道微生物群谱之间的关联。此外，还研究了肠道微生物群在PDIs与食欲之间关联中的潜在协变量作用。
本横断面研究对91名健康女性（18 - 50岁）进行。评估了身体成分、人体测量指标、饮食摄入量、PDIs、主观食欲、食欲调节肽（瘦素、GLP-1和胃饥饿素的空腹水平）、身体活动、睡眠质量和肠道微生物群谱。
PDI和健康植物性饮食指数（hPDI）得分与瘦素和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）之间存在显著负相关（p < 0.05）。较高的hPDI与较低的GLP-1浓度相关（p = 0.04）。此外，不健康植物性饮食指数（uPDI）与饱腹感呈负相关（p = 0.02），与饥饿感呈正相关（p = 0.02）。此外，较高的PDI与较高的普雷沃氏菌丰度相关（p = 0.01）。我们的研究结果表明，厚壁菌门以及厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例可能参与了hPDI与瘦素和GLP-1水平之间的关联。此外，嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌可能作为一种相关的微生物因子在hPDI与GLP-1水平之间的关联中发挥作用。然而，这些细菌的潜在中介作用应在未来的研究中进行调查。
我们指出较高的PDI和hPDI得分与食欲相关激素和IL-6之间存在负相关。此外，较高的uPDI与食欲感觉有关，较高的PDI得分会增加普雷沃氏菌的丰度。hPDI得分与食欲调节激素之间的关联可能受肠道微生物群的影响。考虑到与hPDI相关的空腹GLP-1水平较低，在队列研究或干预试验中进一步评估GLP-1的餐后状态似乎也有必要，以更好地阐明它们之间的关联。
