Beltran Nina M, Garcia Thelma I, Naime Gabriela M, Minervini Vanessa, Serafine Katherine M
Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA.
Department of Psychological Science, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Behav Pharmacol. 2025 Aug 1;36(5):343-346. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000831. Epub 2025 Apr 29.
Opioids, prescribed for pain relief or as maintenance therapies for opioid use disorder, induce constipation, which can lead to medication compliance issues. However, it is not known how dietary manipulation might impact opioid-induced constipation. To test the hypothesis that eating a high fat diet exacerbates opioid-induced constipation, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 8/diet/sex) were fed either a low fat (standard) diet, a high fat/high carbohydrate diet, or a ketogenic diet. Rats were injected with either saline or morphine (1-10 mg/kg) and constipation was measured by counting fecal boli hourly for 6 h. Morphine-induced comparable constipation in all groups; however, rats eating a high fat/high carbohydrate or ketogenic diet produced significantly less feces following injections of saline or morphine as compared to rats eating a standard diet ( P < 0.05). Dietary considerations might be important for patients prescribed opioid medications.
阿片类药物，用于缓解疼痛或作为阿片类药物使用障碍的维持疗法，会导致便秘，这可能会引发药物依从性问题。然而，目前尚不清楚饮食调整如何影响阿片类药物引起的便秘。为了验证高脂肪饮食会加剧阿片类药物引起的便秘这一假设，对雄性和雌性斯普拉格-道利大鼠（每组每种性别8只）分别喂食低脂（标准）饮食、高脂肪/高碳水化合物饮食或生酮饮食。给大鼠注射生理盐水或吗啡（1 - 10毫克/千克），并通过每小时计数粪便团块持续6小时来测量便秘情况。吗啡在所有组中均引起了类似的便秘；然而，与喂食标准饮食的大鼠相比，喂食高脂肪/高碳水化合物或生酮饮食的大鼠在注射生理盐水或吗啡后产生的粪便明显更少（P < 0.05）。对于开具阿片类药物处方的患者，饮食方面的考虑可能很重要。
