Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-6, Traian Vuia Street, Sector 2, 020945 Bucharest, Romania.
Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-6, Traian Vuia Street, Sector 2, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
Nutrients. 2022 Jun 26;14(13):2641. doi: 10.3390/nu14132641.
Throughout history, malnutrition and deficiency diseases have been a problem for our planet's population. A balanced diet significantly influences everyone's health, and fiber intake appears to play a more important role than previously thought. The natural dietary fibers are a category of carbohydrates in the constitution of plants that are not completely digested in the human intestine. High-fiber foods, such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains, have consistently been highly beneficial to health and effectively reduced the risk of disease. Although the mode of action of dietary fiber in the consumer body is not fully understood, nutritionists and health professionals unanimously recognize the therapeutic benefits. This paper presents the fiber consumption in different countries, the metabolism of fiber and the range of health benefits associated with fiber intake. In addition, the influence of fiber intake on the intestinal microbiome, metabolic diseases (obesity and diabetes), neurological aspects, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer prevention are discussed. Finally, dietary restrictions and excess fiber are addressed, which can cause episodes of diarrhea and dehydration and increase the likelihood of bloating and flatulence or even bowel obstruction. However, extensive studies are needed regarding the composition and required amount of fiber in relation to the metabolism of saprotrophic microorganisms from the enteral level and the benefits of the various pathologies with which they can be correlated.
纵观历史，营养不良和营养缺乏症一直是困扰我们星球人口的问题。均衡的饮食对每个人的健康都有重大影响，而膳食纤维的摄入量似乎比之前认为的更为重要。天然膳食纤维是植物构成中一类不能被人体肠道完全消化的碳水化合物。高膳食纤维的食物，如水果、蔬菜和全谷物，一直对健康非常有益，并有效地降低了患病风险。尽管膳食纤维在消费者体内的作用模式尚未完全被理解，但营养学家和健康专家一致认可其治疗益处。本文介绍了不同国家的膳食纤维摄入量、膳食纤维的代谢以及与膳食纤维摄入相关的一系列健康益处。此外，还讨论了膳食纤维摄入对肠道微生物组、代谢性疾病（肥胖和糖尿病）、神经学方面、心血管疾病、自身免疫性疾病和癌症预防的影响。最后，还讨论了膳食纤维摄入的限制和过量问题，过量膳食纤维可能导致腹泻和脱水，增加腹胀、气胀甚至肠梗阻的可能性。然而，仍需要进行广泛的研究，以确定与肠道共生微生物代谢有关的膳食纤维的组成和所需量，以及与它们相关的各种病理的益处。
