Zhao De-Zhi, Wei Han-Xiao, Yang Yi-Bing, Yang Kang, Chen Fang, Zhang Qian, Zhang Tao
Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
Department of Prosthetics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
Mol Neurobiol. 2025 Apr 28. doi: 10.1007/s12035-025-04981-8.
Maxillofacial neurological disorders include a range of disorders affecting the cranial nerves, which can be caused by a variety of reasons, including infection, trauma, tumor, and surgical complications, resulting in severe dysfunction, and the study of new approaches for the treatment of these disorders is crucial for the restoration of sensory and motor functions of the face. In recent years, due to the excellent tissue regenerative ability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), research on MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes has been progressively deepened, bringing many new perspectives to the therapeutic strategies for many diseases. Facial nerve regeneration is a complex process involving various pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to restore nerve function after injury. And the rapid development of stem cell tissue engineering has greatly facilitated the research process of facial nerve regeneration. In this paper, we review the characteristics of MSCs and neural stem cells (NSCs), the roles they play in the neural microenvironment and the mechanisms that promote nerve regeneration, summarize the research progress of MSCs in the treatment of maxillofacial neurological disorders, and highlight the promising directions for future development.
颌面神经疾病包括一系列影响颅神经的疾病，其可由多种原因引起，包括感染、创伤、肿瘤和手术并发症，导致严重功能障碍，而研究这些疾病的新治疗方法对于恢复面部的感觉和运动功能至关重要。近年来，由于间充质基质细胞（MSCs）具有出色的组织再生能力，对MSCs和MSCs衍生外泌体的研究不断深入，为许多疾病的治疗策略带来了许多新视角。面神经再生是一个复杂的过程，涉及各种病理生理机制和损伤后恢复神经功能的治疗策略。干细胞组织工程的快速发展极大地推动了面神经再生的研究进程。在本文中，我们综述了MSCs和神经干细胞（NSCs）的特征、它们在神经微环境中所起的作用以及促进神经再生的机制，总结了MSCs在治疗颌面神经疾病方面的研究进展，并突出了未来发展的有前景的方向。
