Galindo-Méndez Mario, Galindo-Ruiz Mario, Concheso-Venegas María Florencia, Mendoza-Molina Sebastián Uriel, Orozco-Cruz David, Weintraub-Benzion Efraín
Laboratorios Galindo SC, Av Juárez 501-A, Oaxaca, Oaxaca CP 68000, Mexico.
Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Anáhuac Oaxaca, Blvd. Guadalupe Hinojosa de Murat 1100, San Raymundo Jalpan, Oaxaca CP 71248, Mexico.
Biomedicines. 2025 Apr 9;13(4):927. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13040927.
Since its discovery, vitamin D (VD) has been known for its implications in maintaining bone homeostasis. However, in recent years it has been discovered that the vitamin D receptor is expressed on different cells of the immune system and that these cells can locally produce the active form of this molecule, calcitriol, strongly suggesting that this vitamin might play a key role in both branches of the immune system, innate and adaptive. Recent evidence has demonstrated that VD participates in the different protective phases of the immune system against invading microorganisms, including in the activation and production of antimicrobial peptides, in the inactivation of replication of infectious agents, in the prevention of the exposure of cellular receptors to microbial adhesion, and, more importantly, in the modulation of the inflammatory response. In recent years, the world has witnessed major outbreaks of an ancient infectious disease, dengue fever; the emergence of a pandemic caused by an unknown virus, SARS-CoV-2; and the resurgence of a common respiratory infection, influenza. Despite belonging to different viral families, the etiological agents of these infections present a common trait: their capacity to cause complications not only through their cytopathic effect on target tissues but also through the excessive inflammatory response produced by the human host against an infection. This review outlines the current understanding of the role that vitamin D plays in the prevention of the aforementioned diseases and in the development of their complications through its active participation as a major modulator of the immune response.
自发现以来，维生素D（VD）就因其在维持骨骼稳态方面的作用而为人所知。然而，近年来人们发现维生素D受体在免疫系统的不同细胞上表达，并且这些细胞能够在局部产生该分子的活性形式——骨化三醇，这有力地表明这种维生素可能在免疫系统的先天和适应性两个分支中都发挥关键作用。最近的证据表明，VD参与免疫系统针对入侵微生物的不同保护阶段，包括抗菌肽的激活和产生、感染因子复制的失活、防止细胞受体暴露于微生物黏附，更重要的是，参与炎症反应的调节。近年来，世界目睹了一种古老传染病——登革热的大规模爆发；由一种未知病毒——严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的大流行的出现；以及一种常见呼吸道感染——流感的再次流行。尽管这些感染的病原体属于不同的病毒家族，但它们有一个共同特征：它们不仅能够通过对靶组织的细胞病变效应引起并发症，还能通过人类宿主对感染产生的过度炎症反应引起并发症。这篇综述概述了目前对维生素D作为免疫反应的主要调节剂，在预防上述疾病及其并发症发展中所起作用的理解。
