护士工作成瘾：一项潜在剖面分析与职业倦怠的横断面相关性研究
Work addiction in nurses: a cross-sectional correlational study of latent profile analysis and burnout.
作者信息
Liang Xinhui, Yin Yue, Zhang Lating, Liu Fang, Jia Yao, Liu Xiaoxia, Hu Mengyi, Gao Lijuan, Jiang Xue
机构信息
Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, ShanxiProvince, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, China.
出版信息
BMC Nurs. 2025 Apr 29;24(1):467. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03102-z.
BACKGROUND
The nursing profession is known for its high intensity and high pressure, and burnout is prevalent among nurses.In recent years, work addiction has attracted attention as an emerging occupational psychological problem.However, there is a relative lack of research on nurses' work addiction, especially in the case of its underlying features and its relationship with burnout.Identifying the underlying characteristics of nurses' work addiction is of great significance for formulating targeted interventions to prevent and alleviate nurses' burnout and improve the quality of nursing services.
AIM
To identify the distinct profiles of work addiction among clinical nurses, examine the demographic factors associated with profile memberships, and then explore the relationship between latent categories of work addiction and job burnout.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in nurses in Northwest China using convenience sampling from January to March 2024.The clinical nurse completed the online completion of the General Information Questionnaire, the Work Addiction Scale, and the Burnout Scale.Latent profile analysis, analysis of variance, chi-square test, binary logistic regression and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
In this study, 550 questionnaires were distributed and 524 questionnaires were effectively recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.27%.The detection rate of work addiction was 60.50%.The study identified two possible attributes of nurse work addiction: the low addiction group (level 1) and the high addiction group (level 2).These two groups comprised 67.9% and 32.1% respectively of the entire sample of nurses.The work addiction categories of clinical nurses were found to be influenced by nurses' job titles, employment type, Education background and emotional exhaustion. The dimension of emotional exhaustion in burnout explains 18.70% of the variation in work addiction on its own.
CONCLUSIONS
There are obvious categorical characteristics of clinical nurses' work addiction, and more than half of clinical nurses' work addiction is at a low level.Identifying demographic" characteristics"and internal and external predictors' of different types' of work addiction can help inform interventions.hospital administrators should actively monitor nurses who exhibit a high degree of work addiction and implement focused interventions to reduce the degree of burnout of nurses and ensure the quality of nursing work.
背景
护理行业以高强度和高压力著称，护士职业倦怠现象普遍。近年来，工作成瘾作为一种新兴的职业心理问题受到关注。然而，关于护士工作成瘾的研究相对较少，尤其是其潜在特征以及与职业倦怠的关系。识别护士工作成瘾的潜在特征对于制定针对性干预措施以预防和缓解护士职业倦怠、提高护理服务质量具有重要意义。
目的
识别临床护士工作成瘾的不同类型，考察与类型归属相关的人口统计学因素，进而探究工作成瘾潜在类别与职业倦怠之间的关系。
方法
2024年1月至3月，在中国西北部地区的护士中采用便利抽样法进行横断面研究。临床护士通过网络完成一般信息问卷、工作成瘾量表和职业倦怠量表。采用潜在类别分析、方差分析、卡方检验、二元逻辑回归和多元回归分析对数据进行分析。
结果
本研究共发放问卷550份，有效回收524份，有效回收率为95.27%。工作成瘾检出率为60.50%。研究确定了护士工作成瘾的两种可能属性：低成瘾组（1级）和高成瘾组（2级）。这两组分别占护士总样本的67.9%和32.1%。发现临床护士的工作成瘾类别受护士职称、就业类型、教育背景和情感耗竭的影响。职业倦怠中的情感耗竭维度自身可解释工作成瘾变异的18.70%。
结论
临床护士工作成瘾存在明显的类别特征，且超过半数的临床护士工作成瘾处于低水平。识别不同类型工作成瘾的人口统计学“特征”以及内外部预测因素有助于为干预提供依据。医院管理者应积极监测工作成瘾程度高的护士，并实施针对性干预措施，以降低护士的职业倦怠程度，确保护理工作质量。
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