Ukita Makoto, Matsuyama Ryota, Isoda Norikazu, Omori Ryosuke, Yamamoto Takehisa, Makita Kohei
Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu 069-8501, Hokkaido, Japan.
Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2024 Jul 31;2024:1305664. doi: 10.1155/2024/1305664. eCollection 2024.
The outbreak of infectious diseases in swine, such as classical swine fever (CSF), has become a significant concern in the pig-farming industry. In Japan, after the re-emergence of CSF in 2018, farms are now exposed to the risk of transmission from infected wild boar and CSF-contaminated farms. This study aimed to identify biosecurity measures that were effective for the prevention of CSF introduction into farms during the period from the beginning of the CSF epidemic to the implementation of a vaccination campaign for domestic pigs at risk. The probability of virus introduction was assumed to be increased by the elevated risk from CSF-infected wild boar and infected farms around the farm. The risk from infected wild boar was represented by the prevalence of CSF in wild boar or the occupancy of 1-km grid cells with infected wild boar within 10-km radii from a pig farm and the occurrence of CSF outbreaks on neighboring farms. Conversely, the probability of virus introduction was assumed to decrease in response to on-farm biosecurity measures being implemented on each farm. The implementation of biosecurity measures on the farms and farm attributes were obtained through a questionnaire survey. Analyses were performed on each farm under the weekly situations where infected wild boar were both absent and present in the vicinity using a binomial generalized linear model. On farms where infected wild boar were not present around farms, daily washing and disinfecting of work clothing in pig houses was identified as the main measure to reduce the risk of CSF introduction into farms. On farms with infected wild boar in the vicinity, the absence of public roads on the farm and preventing wildlife intrusion into the areas where pig carcasses were stored were demonstrated to be effective in preventing CSF introduction. Based on the assumption that strict and comprehensive biosecurity measures are required to prevent CSF introduction, the implementation of these potentially effective measures is worth being prioritized.
猪传染病的爆发，如经典猪瘟（CSF），已成为养猪业的重大关切。在日本，自2018年CSF再次出现后，养殖场现在面临着来自受感染野猪和受CSF污染养殖场传播的风险。本研究旨在确定在CSF疫情开始至对有风险的家猪实施疫苗接种运动期间，对预防CSF传入养殖场有效的生物安全措施。假定病毒传入的可能性因受CSF感染的野猪和养殖场周围受感染养殖场带来的风险增加而提高。受感染野猪带来的风险通过野猪中CSF的流行率、距猪场10公里半径范围内1公里网格单元中受感染野猪的占有率以及邻近养殖场CSF疫情的发生情况来表示。相反，假定病毒传入的可能性会因各养殖场实施农场生物安全措施而降低。通过问卷调查获得了养殖场生物安全措施的实施情况和养殖场属性。使用二项广义线性模型，对每周受感染野猪不在场和在场情况下的每个养殖场进行分析。在养殖场周围没有受感染野猪的农场，猪舍工作服的每日清洗和消毒被确定为降低CSF传入养殖场风险的主要措施。在附近有受感染野猪的农场，农场没有公共道路以及防止野生动物侵入猪尸体存放区域被证明对预防CSF传入有效。基于需要严格和全面的生物安全措施来预防CSF传入的假设，优先实施这些潜在有效的措施是值得的。
