Bellini Silvia, Casadei Gabriele, De Lorenzi Giorgia, Tamba Marco
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
Pathogens. 2021 Jan 19;10(1):84. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10010084.
African swine fever (ASF) is a notifiable viral disease of pigs and wild boars that could lead to serious economic losses for the entire European pork industry. As no effective treatment or vaccination is available, disease prevention and control rely on strictly enforced biosecurity measures tailored to the specific risk factors of ASF introduction within domestic pig populations. Here, we present a review addressing the risk factors associated with different European pig farming systems in the context of the actual epidemiological scenario. A list of keywords was combined into a Boolean query, "African swine fever" AND ("Risk factors" OR "Transmission" OR "Spread" OR "Pig farming" OR "Pigs" OR "Wild boars"); was run on 4 databases; and resulted in 52 documents of interest being reviewed. Based on our review, each farming system has its own peculiar risk factors: commercial farms, where best practices are already in place, may suffer from unintentional breaches in biosecurity, while backyard and outdoor farms may suffer from poor ASF awareness, sociocultural factors, and contact with wild boars. In the literature selected for our review, human-related activities and behaviours are presented as the main risks, but we also stress the need to implement biosecurity measures also tailored to risks factors that are specific for the different pig farming practices in the European Union (EU).
非洲猪瘟（ASF）是一种猪和野猪的应通报病毒性疾病，可能给整个欧洲猪肉产业带来严重经济损失。由于没有有效的治疗方法或疫苗，疾病预防和控制依赖于针对家猪群体中引入非洲猪瘟的特定风险因素而严格执行的生物安全措施。在此，我们针对实际流行病学情况，对与不同欧洲养猪系统相关的风险因素进行综述。将一系列关键词组合成布尔查询“非洲猪瘟” AND（“风险因素” OR “传播” OR “扩散” OR “养猪” OR “猪” OR “野猪”）；在4个数据库上运行；并对52篇相关文献进行了综述。基于我们的综述，每种养殖系统都有其独特的风险因素：已经实施最佳做法的商业养殖场可能会出现生物安全方面的无意违规行为，而后院养殖场和户外养殖场可能存在对非洲猪瘟认识不足、社会文化因素以及与野猪接触的问题。在我们综述所选的文献中，与人类相关的活动和行为被视为主要风险，但我们也强调需要实施针对欧盟不同养猪方式特定风险因素的生物安全措施。
