Pattaro Serena, Bailey Nick, Dibben Chris
Scottish Centre for Administrative Data Research (SCADR), School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Scottish Centre for Administrative Data Research (SCADR), School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Occup Environ Med. 2025 May 18;82(3):128-137. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2024-109562.
Occupations vary with respect to workplace factors that influence exposure to COVID-19, such as ventilation, social contacts and protective equipment. Variations between women and men may arise because they have different occupational roles or behavioural responses. We estimated occupational differences in COVID-19 hospital admission and mortality risks by sex.
We combined (1) individual-level data from 2011 Census with (2) health records and (3) household-level information from residential identifiers, using a Scottish cohort of 1.7 million adults aged 40-64 years between 1 March 2020 and 31 January 2021. We estimated age-standardised COVID-19 hospital admission and mortality rates, stratified by sex and occupation. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for pre-pandemic health and occupational exposure factors, including interaction effects between occupation and sex.
Women had lower age-standardised COVID-19 hospital admission and mortality rates than men. Among women, adjusted death risks were lowest for health professionals, and those in associate professional and technical occupations (paramedics and medical technicians), with the latter supported by results from the interaction model. Among men, elevated adjusted admission and death risks were observed for large vehicle and taxi drivers. Additionally, admission risks remained high among men in caring personal services (including home and care workers), while elevated risks were observed among women in customer service occupations (call centre operators) and process, plant and machine operative roles (assemblers and sorters).
Occupational differences in COVID-19 hospital admission and mortality risks between women and men highlight the need to account for sex differences when developing interventions to reduce infections among vulnerable occupational groups.
不同职业的工作场所因素会影响新冠病毒暴露情况，如通风、社交接触和防护设备等。男性和女性之间可能存在差异，因为他们有不同的职业角色或行为反应。我们按性别估算了新冠病毒住院和死亡风险的职业差异。
我们将（1）2011年人口普查的个体层面数据与（2）健康记录以及（3）来自居住标识符的家庭层面信息相结合，研究对象为2020年3月1日至2021年1月31日期间苏格兰的170万40 - 64岁成年人队列。我们估算了按性别和职业分层的年龄标准化新冠病毒住院率和死亡率。Cox比例风险模型针对大流行前的健康状况和职业暴露因素进行了调整，包括职业与性别的交互作用。
女性的年龄标准化新冠病毒住院率和死亡率低于男性。在女性中，健康专业人员以及准专业和技术职业（护理人员和医疗技术人员）的调整后死亡风险最低，交互模型的结果支持了后者。在男性中，大型车辆和出租车司机的调整后住院和死亡风险升高。此外，从事个人护理服务（包括家庭和护理工作者）的男性住院风险仍然很高，而从事客户服务职业（呼叫中心操作员）以及加工、工厂和机器操作岗位（装配工和分拣工）的女性风险升高。
新冠病毒住院和死亡风险的职业差异在男性和女性之间凸显了在制定干预措施以减少弱势职业群体感染时考虑性别差异的必要性。
