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三种季前训练计划对业余训练足球运动员速度、变向能力和耐力的影响。

Effects of Three Preseason Training Programs on Speed, Change-of-Direction, and Endurance in Recreationally Trained Soccer Players.

作者信息

Koral Jérôme, Lloria Varella Jaume, Lazaro Romero Fernando, Foschia Clément

机构信息

Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.

Albacete Balompie SAD, Albacete, Spain.

出版信息

Front Physiol. 2021 Sep 17;12:719580. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.719580. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Modern coaches experience a drastic reduction of the available training time with an increasingly large number of competitions during the competitive season. Thus, they must choose wisely the most efficient methods to improve the physical fitness of their players during the preseason. Among all the methods, this study compared the effects of plyometric training (PT), sprint interval training (SIT), and small-sided games (SSGs) on the performance of recreationally trained soccer players. Seventy-three participants were randomly assigned in one of the three experimental groups (i.e., PT [ = 23], SIT [ = 26] or SSGs [ = 24]) and completed two sessions per week for a total of 3 weeks. Meanwhile, the whole group maintained their habitual soccer-specific training program who do not interfere in the preparation of the season. Repeated sprint ability (RSA), maximal aerobic speed (MAS), and a 30-m sprint were assessed at baseline (PRE) and post-training (POST). Performance in SSGs decreased for the average speed from 0 to 10 m ( ; -0.84 km h, -4 ± 5%, < 0.001), the maximal distance ( ) covered in the 30-s RSA test (-3.65 m, -3 ± 6%, < 0.01) and MAS (-0.52 km h, -3 ± 6%, < 0.01). PT increased the mean distance ( ) covered in the 30-s RSA test (+5.98 m, 5 ± 4%, < 0.001) and MAS (+0.58 km h, 7 ± 5%, < 0.01) while an improvement of all parameters but the maximal sprint speed reached during the 30-m trip ( ) was found in the SIT group ( : +1.462 km h, 8 ± 5%, < 0.001; : +7.89 m, 6 ± 5%, < 0.001; : +8.69 m, 7 ± 5%, < 0.001 and MAS: +1.74 km h, 12 ± 8%, < 0.001). All SSG POST values were significantly lower than PT and SIT ( < 0.01). and MAS in POST were also significantly higher in SIT than in the PT group ( < 0.001). This study suggests that both PT and SIT could be a better alternative to SSGs to boost performances during preseason. Moreover, SIT seems to produce higher improvements in physical performances than PT.

摘要

现代教练在赛季中面临着可用训练时间的大幅减少,同时比赛数量日益增多。因此,他们必须在季前赛期间明智地选择最有效的方法来提高球员的身体素质。在所有方法中,本研究比较了增强式训练(PT)、短跑间歇训练(SIT)和小型比赛(SSG)对业余训练的足球运动员表现的影响。73名参与者被随机分配到三个实验组之一(即PT组[ = 23]、SIT组[ = 26]或SSG组[ = 24]),每周完成两次训练,共持续3周。与此同时,整个小组维持他们惯常的足球专项训练计划,该计划不干扰赛季准备。在基线(PRE)和训练后(POST)评估重复冲刺能力(RSA)、最大有氧速度(MAS)和30米短跑成绩。SSG组的平均速度(从0到10米)下降( ;-0.84千米/小时,-4±5%, <0.001),30秒RSA测试中覆盖的最大距离( )下降(-3.65米,-3±6%, <0.01)以及MAS下降(-0.52千米/小时,-3±6%, <0.01)。PT组30秒RSA测试中覆盖的平均距离( )增加(+5.98米,5±4%, <0.001)以及MAS增加(+0.58千米/小时,7±5%, <0.01),而SIT组除了30米短跑( )中达到的最大冲刺速度外,所有参数均有改善( :+1.462千米/小时,8±5%, <0.001; :+7.89米,6±5%, <0.001; :+8.69米,7±5%, <0.001以及MAS:+1.74千米/小时,12±8%, <0.001)。所有SSG组POST值均显著低于PT组和SIT组( <0.01)。POST时SIT组的 和MAS也显著高于PT组( <0.001)。本研究表明,PT和SIT都可能是比SSG更好的季前赛提高表现的替代方法。此外,SIT似乎比PT在身体表现上产生更高的提升。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2f5/8484869/48adf713e184/fphys-12-719580-g0001.jpg

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