Wang Han-Xiao, Zhu Xuefeng, Liu Minghua
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2025 Jun 3;54(11):5516-5550. doi: 10.1039/d2cs00259k.
The fabrication of structures with designated topologies at the nanoscale is an intriguing issue, attributed to the possibility of both imparting unique properties to functional materials and unravelling the codes that lie in many natural systems. As a significant bottom-up approach, the self-assembly strategy is potent in formulating various exquisite structures. While the building of common types of miniaturized structures such as tubes, twists and spheres has been investigated in depth to gain insight into the intrinsic principles that dictate their formation and functions, the preparation of peculiar topological nanostructures is still scattered and unsystematic. In parallel, chirality is among the most ubiquitous phenomena of fundamental significance in nature and is in close relationship with the origin of life. Essentially, chirality represents a type of orderliness and thus may interplay with peculiar topologies in an orchestrated and serendipitous way. In this review, we describe the development of constructing emergent chiral and topological nanoarchitectures the self-assembly method, mainly focusing on structures including toroids, catenanes, Möbius strips, spirals and fractals. In addition, other types involving toruloids/kebabs, trumpets and bamboos, screws, dendritic and lamellar twists are also exemplified. The design of building blocks and various self-assembling strategies towards these target architectures are highlighted in this review, in an effort to provide an overview of the feasible approaches that facilitate the tailored construction of mesoscopic structures.
在纳米尺度上制造具有特定拓扑结构的结构是一个引人入胜的问题，这归因于既能赋予功能材料独特性能，又能揭示许多自然系统中蕴含的规律。作为一种重要的自下而上的方法，自组装策略在构建各种精致结构方面很有效。虽然对诸如管、扭曲和球体等常见类型的微型结构的构建已进行了深入研究，以深入了解决定其形成和功能的内在原理，但奇特拓扑纳米结构的制备仍然分散且缺乏系统性。同时，手性是自然界中最普遍存在且具有根本重要性的现象之一，与生命起源密切相关。本质上，手性代表一种有序性，因此可能以一种协调且偶然的方式与奇特拓扑相互作用。在本综述中，我们描述了通过自组装方法构建新型手性和拓扑纳米结构的进展，主要关注包括环面、索烃、莫比乌斯带、螺旋和分形等结构。此外，还举例说明了其他类型，包括环轮体/串肉扦、喇叭和竹子、螺旋体、树枝状和层状扭曲。本综述重点介绍了针对这些目标结构的构建模块设计和各种自组装策略，旨在概述有助于定制构建介观结构的可行方法。
