López-García Alexanders, Gómez-Hernández Marko, Gándara Etelvina
Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Hornos No. 1003, 71230, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico.
SECIHTI-Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Hornos No. 1003, 71230, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2025 May 1;21(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s13002-025-00779-z.
Traditional names of wild mushrooms have long served as crucial links between these organisms and humans. In Mexico, cultural groups traditionally use indigenous and Spanish names and have developed effective methods for classifying and naming mushrooms. This has allowed the suitable use of fungal resources and the transmission of ancestral knowledge regarding each species. The present study explores the folk taxonomy of wild mushrooms in communities belonging to the Chatino, Chontal, and Chinantec indigenous groups of Oaxaca, Mexico. The goal was to assess the origins and meanings of the mushroom names, their connections to local culture, and the similarities in folk taxonomy among indigenous groups to understand the dynamics of classification and assignment of names.
Between April and October 2022, 10% of the inhabitants in each community, including children, youth, adults, and elderly individuals, were interviewed to gather information related to their knowledge of wild mushrooms. Local translators assisted in analyzing the origins and meanings of mushroom names. Field trips to collect sporomes were conducted with community members. Regression analysis and analysis of covariance were performed to assess the use of traditional names among community members.
A total of 43 indigenous names were recorded for 32 mushroom species. The Chatino people use 22 indigenous names for 23 species and refer to mushrooms as "Kía"; the Chontal group uses 15 names for 16 species, and the term for mushrooms is "Jlapilí"; the Chinantec group has six names for six mushroom species and uses the generic term "Naẗ." Indigenous names consist of a generic term for mushroom and a specific suffix. Since the mushroom names are assigned based on ecological, morphological, and cultural factors, similarities in their meanings can be observed among the communities. People's age is positively related to the number of indigenous mushroom names they use. Women use more Spanish names than men.
The variety of names used in each studied community underlines the relevance of wild mushrooms for these indigenous groups. They have developed a comprehensive folk taxonomy that enables them to effectively utilize fungal resources and ensure the transmission of traditional knowledge.
野生蘑菇的传统名称长期以来一直是这些生物体与人类之间的重要纽带。在墨西哥，文化群体传统上使用本土名称和西班牙语名称，并开发了有效的蘑菇分类和命名方法。这使得真菌资源得以合理利用，并传承了关于每个物种的祖传知识。本研究探索了墨西哥瓦哈卡州查蒂诺、乔尔塔尔和奇南特克土著群体社区中野生蘑菇的民间分类法。目的是评估蘑菇名称的起源和含义、它们与当地文化的联系，以及土著群体之间民间分类法的相似性，以了解分类和命名的动态过程。
在2022年4月至10月期间，对每个社区10%的居民进行了访谈，包括儿童、青年、成年人和老年人，以收集与他们对野生蘑菇的了解相关的信息。当地翻译协助分析蘑菇名称的起源和含义。与社区成员一起进行实地考察以收集子实体。进行回归分析和协方差分析以评估社区成员对传统名称的使用情况。
共记录了32种蘑菇的43个本土名称。查蒂诺人用22个本土名称称呼23种蘑菇，称蘑菇为“Kía”；乔尔塔尔群体用15个名称称呼16种蘑菇，蘑菇一词为“Jlapilí”；奇南特克群体用6个名称称呼6种蘑菇，通用术语为“Naẗ”。本土名称由蘑菇的通用术语和特定后缀组成。由于蘑菇名称是根据生态、形态和文化因素确定的，因此在各社区之间可以观察到其含义的相似性。人们的年龄与他们使用的本土蘑菇名称数量呈正相关。女性使用的西班牙语名称比男性多。
每个研究社区使用的名称种类强调了野生蘑菇对这些土著群体的重要性。他们已经发展出一套全面的民间分类法，使他们能够有效地利用真菌资源并确保传统知识的传承。
