Satapathy Prakasini, Jena Ashutosh, Gaidhane Abhay M, Vadia Nasir, Menon Soumya V, Chennakesavulu Kattela, Panigrahi Rajashree, Kaur Manpreet, Bushi Ganesh, Shabil Muhammed, Goyal Mayank, Kumar Harish, Rani Anju, Ansar Sabah, Sah Sanjit, Khatib Mahalaqua Nazli, Goh Khang Wen, Jena Diptismita
Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia.
Hernia. 2025 May 3;29(1):158. doi: 10.1007/s10029-025-03343-6.
Hernias are a major health concern in India, with varying incidence and prevalence influenced by socio-demographic factors. Despite global advances in hernia management, regional disparities are evident within India.
This analysis utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 to examine inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernias across India from 1990 to 2021, categorized by ICD-10 codes. Key metrics analyzed included prevalence, incidence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), with age-standardized rates (ASRs). The Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) for incidence and mortality, Spearman correlation for assessing the relationship between Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) and hernia metrics, and ARIMA models for future trend projections were employed.
Between 1990 and 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of hernias in India decreased from 143.85 to 137.05 per 100,000, a reduction of 4.72%, despite a 46% increase in the absolute number of hernia cases due to population growth. Mortality rates significantly declined by 57.05%. DALYs also decreased from 98.01 to 43.51 per 100,000. Projections for 2031 indicate stabilization of incidence rates and an increase in prevalence.
Significant improvements in hernia management in India have been achieved over three decades, driven by advances in healthcare and socio-demographic progress. However, the rising number of cases and expected increase in prevalence highlight the need for enhanced healthcare strategies and resource allocation to manage the hernia burden effectively.
疝气是印度主要的健康问题，其发病率和患病率受社会人口因素影响而有所不同。尽管全球在疝气治疗方面取得了进展，但印度国内区域差异明显。
本分析利用了《2021年全球疾病负担研究》的数据，根据国际疾病分类第10版（ICD - 10）编码，研究了1990年至2021年印度各地的腹股沟疝、股疝和腹疝。分析的关键指标包括患病率、发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs），以及年龄标准化率（ASRs）。采用了发病率和死亡率的估计年度百分比变化（EAPC）、用于评估社会人口指数（SDI）与疝气指标之间关系的斯皮尔曼相关性，以及用于未来趋势预测的自回归积分移动平均（ARIMA）模型。
1990年至2021年期间，印度疝气的年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）从每10万人143.85例降至137.05例，下降了4.72%，尽管由于人口增长，疝气病例的绝对数量增加了46%。死亡率显著下降了57.05%。每10万人的伤残调整生命年也从98.01降至43.51。对2031年的预测表明发病率将趋于稳定，患病率将上升。
在医疗保健进步和社会人口发展的推动下，印度在过去三十年里疝气治疗取得了显著改善。然而，病例数量的增加和预计患病率的上升凸显了需要加强医疗保健策略和资源分配，以有效应对疝气负担。
