Bonney Tessa, Madigan Dana, Espinosa-Ravi Vinay, Forst Linda
School of Public Health, Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2025 Jul;68(7):573-587. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23728. Epub 2025 May 2.
There is a growing appreciation of the importance of health and well-being and of the complex set of factors, within and outside the workplace, that interact to affect the well-being of workers. Migrant and seasonal farmworkers experience particular challenges, and measurement of factors that influence their health and well-being is important to the ethical sustainability of this critical workforce.
To examine the applicability of the NIOSH Worker Well-Being Framework to the health and well-being of farmworkers, we conducted a literature review to (1) explore the ways in which the domains, subdomains, and constructs of the framework are described in studies of farmworkers, and (2) identify additional constructs that are not described or not in alignment with the framework.
Four reviewers used a thematic analysis approach to identify and summarize key areas of alignment and non-alignment of 163 included articles. We found alignment with the five framework domains and their sub-domains, though several are understudied or narrowly operationalized in studies of farmworkers. The vast majority of studies addressed contributors to poor health. We found five additional cross-cutting or unaligned themes (legal status, discrimination, exploitation, fear of retaliation, fear of deportation).
External and work-related social factors are important to the well-being of the farmworker workforce. Contextual determinants of employment precarity, hazardous occupational and nonoccupational exposures, and social safety nets should be considered in comprehensive assessments of worker well-being. Other precarious and immigrant workforces may also require expansion of the NIOSH Worker Well-Being Framework.
人们越来越认识到健康和幸福的重要性，以及工作场所内外相互作用以影响工人幸福的一系列复杂因素。移民和季节性农场工人面临着特殊的挑战，衡量影响他们健康和幸福的因素对于这支关键劳动力队伍的道德可持续性至关重要。
为了检验美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）工人幸福框架对农场工人健康和幸福的适用性，我们进行了一项文献综述，以（1）探讨在农场工人研究中如何描述该框架的领域、子领域和构成要素，以及（2）识别未被描述或与该框架不一致的其他构成要素。
四位评审人员采用主题分析方法，识别并总结了163篇纳入文章中一致和不一致的关键领域。我们发现与五个框架领域及其子领域一致，尽管在农场工人研究中，其中几个领域研究不足或操作范围狭窄。绝大多数研究探讨了健康不佳的影响因素。我们发现了另外五个贯穿各领域或不一致的主题（法律地位、歧视、剥削、害怕报复、害怕被驱逐）。
外部和与工作相关的社会因素对农场工人劳动力的幸福很重要。在对工人幸福进行全面评估时，应考虑就业不稳定、危险职业和非职业暴露以及社会安全网的背景决定因素。其他不稳定和移民劳动力可能也需要扩展NIOSH工人幸福框架。
