López-González Ángel Arturo, Ramírez-Manent José Ignacio, Martínez-Almoyna Rifá Emilio, Paublini Oliveira Hernán, Martorell Sánchez Cristina, Tárraga López Pedro Juan
Grupo ADEMA-Salud, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS) de Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, España; Facultad de Odontología, Escuela Universitaria ADEMA-UIB, Palma de Mallorca, España; Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares, España.
Grupo ADEMA-Salud, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS) de Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, España; Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, España.
Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2025 May 2:500803. doi: 10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500803.
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial process underlying major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Among the associated risk factors, lipoprotein ratios have been identified as key indicators of atherogenic risk. However, the influence of sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors, and stress levels on lipoprotein ratios remains underexplored.
To analyze the relationship between sociodemographic variables, healthy lifestyle habits, and stress levels with lipoprotein ratios and atherogenic risk in a large cohort of Spanish workers.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 24,244 Spanish workers. The association between age, gender, socioeconomic status, tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and stress levels with atherogenic risk scales, including atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) and atherogenic índices, was evaluated.
A significant association was found between all analyzed variables and lipoprotein ratios. The strongest associations were observed with age and gender, followed by occupational status, tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet, and stress levels. Men exhibited a higher atherogenic risk compared to women (OR 2.36; 95% CI 2.18-2.55). The risk increased significantly with age, peaking in the 50-69 age group (OR 5.00; 95% CI 3.70-6.31). Manual workers had a higher prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia compared to non-manual workers (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.27-1.41). Furthermore, smoking (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.71-1.97) and alcohol consumption (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.36-1.55), physical inactivity (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.76-2.05), and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.60-1.84) were associated with higher atherogenic index values.
The presence of an adverse lipoprotein profile is strongly influenced by sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, and stress. Identifying these determinants may enable the implementation of preventive strategies aimed at reducing atherogenic risk and improving cardiovascular health in working populations.
动脉粥样硬化是主要心血管疾病（CVD）的一个多因素过程。在相关危险因素中，脂蛋白比率已被确定为动脉粥样硬化风险的关键指标。然而，社会人口统计学变量、生活方式因素和压力水平对脂蛋白比率的影响仍未得到充分研究。
分析一大群西班牙工人的社会人口统计学变量、健康生活习惯和压力水平与脂蛋白比率及动脉粥样硬化风险之间的关系。
对24244名西班牙工人进行了一项横断面研究。评估了年龄、性别、社会经济地位、烟草和酒精消费、身体活动、对地中海饮食的依从性以及压力水平与动脉粥样硬化风险量表之间的关联，这些量表包括动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常（AD）和动脉粥样硬化指数。
在所有分析变量与脂蛋白比率之间发现了显著关联。观察到与年龄和性别之间的关联最强，其次是职业状况、烟草和酒精消费、身体活动、饮食和压力水平。与女性相比，男性表现出更高的动脉粥样硬化风险（比值比2.36；95%置信区间2.18 - 2.55）。风险随年龄显著增加，在50 - 69岁年龄组达到峰值（比值比5.00；95%置信区间3.70 - 6.31）。体力劳动者动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常的患病率高于非体力劳动者（比值比1.35；95%置信区间1.27 - 1.41）。此外，吸烟（比值比1.84；95%置信区间1.71 - 1.97）、饮酒（比值比1.45；95%置信区间1.36 - 1.55）、缺乏身体活动（比值比1.90；95%置信区间1.76 - 2.05）以及对地中海饮食的低依从性（比值比1.72；95%置信区间1.60 - 1.84）与较高的动脉粥样硬化指数值相关。
不良脂蛋白谱的存在受到社会人口统计学因素、生活方式习惯和压力的强烈影响。识别这些决定因素可能有助于实施旨在降低工作人群动脉粥样硬化风险和改善心血管健康的预防策略。
