Peytavin de Garam Carine, Boué Franck, Knapp Jenny, Blanchard Yannick, Umhang Gérald
ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, Malzéville, France.
UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environment Laboratory, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Center for Echinococcoses, University Hospital of Besançon, France.
Infect Genet Evol. 2025 Jul;131:105757. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105757. Epub 2025 May 2.
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) complex with E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) the main species responsible of humans CE. This study highlights the genetic diversity of E. granulosus s.s. in France to clarify the parasite's circulation in livestock, interactions with wildlife, and distinguish autochthonous from imported cases of human CE. A total of 129 full cox1 gene sequences were obtained: 101 from livestock, 12 from wildlife, and 16 from human CE patients operated in France. This study reveals a broad genetic diversity of E. granulosus s.s. in France and little differentiation between sheep and cattle parasite populations, or between geographic areas. The G3 genotype (67 %) was predominant, mainly in sheep from the Alps, a historical focus in Southeast France. Despite farms being less than 20 km apart, no common haplotype was found, suggesting separate infections sources, without excluding the potential role of transhumance in parasite transmission. Haplotypes shared by livestock and wolves remain insignificant in maintaining the life cycle given the low occurrence of infection in wolves. Concerning the 16 cases of human CE, full cox1 haplotypes provide additional genetic argument supporting their status as mainly imported cases. Nevertheless, as autochthonous human cases have already been reported, further genetic characterization of E. granulosus s.s. in both humans and livestock in France is important to identify epidemiologic links and develop action plans to prevent and control this parasite.
囊性棘球蚴病（CE）是一种由细粒棘球绦虫复合种引起的全球性人畜共患病，其中狭义细粒棘球绦虫是导致人类CE的主要物种。本研究强调了法国狭义细粒棘球绦虫的遗传多样性，以阐明该寄生虫在牲畜中的传播、与野生动物的相互作用，并区分人类CE的本地病例和输入病例。共获得129条完整的细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1（cox1）基因序列：101条来自牲畜，12条来自野生动物，16条来自在法国接受手术的人类CE患者。本研究揭示了法国狭义细粒棘球绦虫广泛的遗传多样性，绵羊和牛的寄生虫种群之间或不同地理区域之间几乎没有差异。G3基因型（67%）占主导地位，主要存在于法国东南部历史疫源地阿尔卑斯山的绵羊中。尽管农场之间距离不到20公里，但未发现共同单倍型，这表明感染源是分开的，不过不排除转场放牧在寄生虫传播中的潜在作用。考虑到狼的感染发生率较低，牲畜和狼共有的单倍型在维持生命周期方面的作用仍然不显著。关于16例人类CE病例，完整的cox1单倍型提供了额外的遗传学证据，支持它们主要是输入病例的地位。然而，由于已经报告了本地人类病例，对法国人类和牲畜中的狭义细粒棘球绦虫进行进一步的遗传特征分析，对于确定流行病学联系以及制定预防和控制这种寄生虫的行动计划非常重要。
