Jamshidi Ali, Ghatee Mohammad Amin, Haniloo Ali, Fazaeli Asghar, Sabaghan Mohamad
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2025 Aug;72(5):435-441. doi: 10.1111/zph.13220. Epub 2025 Apr 7.
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a serious global health concern. CE is an endemic zoonotic disease in Iran. The substantial genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus is closely linked to its life cycle, transmission mechanisms and pathogenesis. This study aimed to explore the phylogenetic structure of the genotypes of E. granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) in southwestern Iran (SWI).
Seventy-two hydatid cyst samples were collected from various intermediate hosts, including goats, cattle, sheep, camels, buffalo and humans, primarily from the lungs, liver, spleen and heart of livestock slaughtered in local and industrial abattoirs, as well as from patients in several hospitals (Namazi, Golestan, Arvand and Shahid Beheshti) in southwestern Iran (Bushehr, Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad and Khuzestan provinces).
Sequence analysis revealed three genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. in the SWI: G (n = 69, 95.8%), G(n = 1, 1.4%) and genotype like G/G (n = 2, 2.8%). Twenty-one different haplotypes were identified in this study. According to the phylogenetic tree topology, the cox1 gene sequence similarities can be shown for some G and G/G isolates in some vast areas, but these genotypes generally show a heterogeneous population worldwide. High similarity was shown between G isolates from some countries (Spain, Turkey, India and Iran) and different hosts (sheep, human and buffalo).
The presence of the G/G genotype in the SWI may be due to the transmission of this genotype from other regions or the role of camel/wild boar and other possible intermediate hosts in the expansion of this genotype in the SWI. The results of the present study can be used in CE control programs, molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic studies in Iran and other countries for future goals.
囊型包虫病（CE）是一个严重的全球健康问题。CE在伊朗是一种地方性人畜共患病。细粒棘球绦虫的大量遗传多样性与其生命周期、传播机制和发病机制密切相关。本研究旨在探讨伊朗西南部（SWI）细粒棘球绦虫广义种（s.l.）基因型的系统发育结构。
从各种中间宿主收集了72个包虫囊肿样本，包括山羊、牛、绵羊、骆驼、水牛和人类，主要来自当地和工业屠宰场宰杀的牲畜的肺、肝、脾和心脏，以及伊朗西南部（布什尔、法尔斯、科吉卢耶-博韦艾哈迈德和胡齐斯坦省）几家医院（纳马齐、戈勒斯坦、阿尔万德和沙希德·贝赫什提）的患者。
序列分析显示SWI存在三种细粒棘球绦虫s.l.基因型：G型（n = 69，95.8%）、G型（n = 1，1.4%）和类似G/G的基因型（n = 2，2.8%）。本研究鉴定出21种不同的单倍型。根据系统发育树拓扑结构，在一些广大地区，部分G型和G/G型分离株的cox1基因序列相似性可以显示出来，但这些基因型在全球范围内通常表现为异质群体。来自一些国家（西班牙、土耳其、印度和伊朗）的G型分离株与不同宿主（绵羊、人类和水牛）之间显示出高度相似性。
SWI存在G/G基因型可能是由于该基因型从其他地区传播，或者是骆驼/野猪和其他可能的中间宿主在SWI该基因型扩展中的作用。本研究结果可用于伊朗和其他国家未来目标的CE控制项目、分子流行病学和系统发育研究。
