Zawawy Nessma A El, El-Esawi Mohamed A, Attia Nadia, Mahmoud Yehia A-G
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 May 5;25(1):586. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06517-7.
Oat (Avena sativa L.) represents one of the important cereal crops grown in different areas around the world due to its use in human nutrition, food industry, biomaterials, and pharmaceutical industries. Fusarium seedling blight disease (FSBD) represents one of the most dangerous diseases affecting oat cultivation. Endophytic fungi proved to be useful in plant disease management. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of applied endophytic Trichoderma harzianum AUMC 14897 culture filtrate (CF) on disease severity, plant performance, defense systems, antioxidant activity, and stress-related genes expression in oat plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum.
The dual culture assay results revealed that T. harzianum is antagonistic against F. oxysporum and could inhibit the growth by 86.6% seven days post inoculation. Scanning electron microscope results showed that the antagonism mechanisms include nutrition, space competition, and mycoparasitism. GC-MS analysis demonstrated the presence of several volatile organic compounds in T. harzianum CF and each component might contribute to its biological activity. In a greenhouse experiment, spraying and irrigation with T. harzianum CF revealed less severe symptoms and slower disease development in the infected oat plants compared to untreated plants. Moreover, T. harzianum CF treatment significantly enhanced the levels of total reducing power, phenolics, flavonoids, chlorophyll, carotenoids, antioxidant enzymes, and stress-related genes expression in F. oxysporum-infected oat plants.
Our results demonstrated T. harzianum CF has an effective role in controlling FSBD in oat plants as a novel biocontrol agent.
燕麦（Avena sativa L.）是世界不同地区种植的重要谷物作物之一，因其可用于人类营养、食品工业、生物材料和制药工业。镰刀菌幼苗枯萎病（FSBD）是影响燕麦种植的最危险病害之一。内生真菌已被证明在植物病害管理中有用。因此，本研究调查了应用内生哈茨木霉AUMC 14897培养滤液（CF）对感染尖孢镰刀菌的燕麦植株的病害严重程度、植株性能、防御系统、抗氧化活性和应激相关基因表达的影响。
双培养试验结果表明，哈茨木霉对尖孢镰刀菌具有拮抗作用，接种后7天可抑制其生长86.6%。扫描电子显微镜结果表明，拮抗机制包括营养、空间竞争和菌寄生。气相色谱-质谱分析表明，哈茨木霉CF中存在几种挥发性有机化合物，每种成分可能都有助于其生物活性。在温室试验中，与未处理的植株相比，用哈茨木霉CF喷雾和灌溉的感染燕麦植株症状较轻，病害发展较慢。此外，哈茨木霉CF处理显著提高了感染尖孢镰刀菌的燕麦植株的总还原力、酚类、黄酮类、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、抗氧化酶水平以及应激相关基因的表达。
我们的结果表明，哈茨木霉CF作为一种新型生物防治剂，在控制燕麦植株的FSBD方面具有有效作用。
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