Imran Muhammad, Abo-Elyousr Kamal A M, Mousa Magdi A A, Saad Maged M
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Assiut, Assiut, Egypt.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jul 17;14:1192818. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192818. eCollection 2023.
is a challenging pathogen in the tomato crop globally. Chemical control is a rapid approach, but emerging fungicide resistance has become a severe threat. The present study investigates the use of culture filtrates (CFs) of three species of spp. to control this disease.
Highly virulent strain and three fungal strains viz., (Accession No: MW590687), (Accession No: MW590689) and (Accession No: MW590688) previously isolated by authors were used in this study. The efficacy of culture filtrates (CFs) to mitigate early blight disease were tested under greenhouse and field conditions, experiments were conducted in different seasons of 2020 using a tomato variety "doucen".
The CFs of , , and significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of (62.5%, 48.73%, and 57.82%, respectively, followed by control 100%). In the GC-MS analysis of CF volatile compounds viz., harzianic acid (61.86%) in , linoleic acid (70.02%) in , and hydroxymethylfurfural (68.08%) in the CFs of , were abundantly present. Foliar application of CFs in the greenhouse considerably reduced the disease severity (%) in all treatments, viz., (18.03%), (31.91%), and (23.33%), followed by infected control (86.91%), and positively affected the plant biomarkers. In the greenhouse, the plants treated with CFs demonstrated higher flavonoids after 6 days of inoculation, whereas phenolic compounds increased after 2 days. The CF-treated plants demonstrated higher antioxidant enzymes, i.e., phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD), after 4 days, whereas polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was higher after 6 days of inoculation, followed by healthy and infected controls. In open field conditions, disease severity in CF-treated plants was reduced in both seasons as compared to naturally infected plants, whereas CF-treated plants exhibited a higher fruit yield than controls. The present results conclude that CFs can be a potential biocontrol candidate and a promising alternative to the early blight pathogen for sustainable production.
在全球番茄作物中是一种具有挑战性的病原体。化学防治是一种快速的方法，但新出现的杀菌剂抗性已成为严重威胁。本研究调查了三种木霉菌株的培养滤液（CFs）对这种病害的防治效果。
本研究使用了高毒力菌株以及作者之前分离的三种真菌菌株，即哈茨木霉（登录号：MW590687）、康宁木霉（登录号：MW590689）和绿色木霉（登录号：MW590688）。在温室和田间条件下测试了培养滤液（CFs）减轻早疫病的效果，于2020年不同季节使用番茄品种“doucen”进行试验。
哈茨木霉、康宁木霉和绿色木霉的培养滤液显著抑制了链格孢菌的菌丝生长（分别为62.5%、48.73%和57.82%，对照为100%）。在对哈茨木霉、康宁木霉和绿色木霉培养滤液挥发性化合物的气相色谱 - 质谱分析中，分别大量存在哈茨木霉酸（61.86%）、亚油酸（70.02%）和羟甲基糠醛（68.08%）。在温室中对叶片喷施培养滤液在所有处理中均显著降低了病害严重程度（%），即哈茨木霉（18.03%）、康宁木霉（31.91%）和绿色木霉（23.33%），感染对照为（86.91%），并对植物生物标志物产生了积极影响。在温室中，接种6天后用培养滤液处理的植株黄酮类化合物含量更高，而接种2天后酚类化合物增加。接种4天后，用培养滤液处理的植株表现出更高的抗氧化酶，即苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和过氧化物酶（POD），而接种6天后多酚氧化酶（PPO）含量更高，优于健康和感染对照。在露天田间条件下，与自然感染植株相比，两个季节中用培养滤液处理的植株病害严重程度均降低，且用培养滤液处理的植株果实产量高于对照。目前的结果表明，培养滤液可以成为一种潜在的生物防治候选物，是早疫病病原体可持续生产的一种有前景的替代物。
