维生素D和锌充足对医护人员接种新冠疫苗后免疫反应的影响。
Impact of vitamin D and zinc sufficiency on immune responses following COVID-19 vaccinations among healthcare workers.
作者信息
Amadi Collins, Lawson Stephenson D, Okafor Johnbosco Chidozie, Agbo Ezra
机构信息
Department of Chemical Pathology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Department of Chemical Pathology, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
出版信息
Clin Exp Vaccine Res. 2025 Apr;14(2):162-168. doi: 10.7774/cevr.2025.14.e17. Epub 2025 Mar 31.
INTRODUCTION
Vitamin D and zinc sufficiency are theoretically acclaimed to influence immune-boosting potentials following various immunizations. Herein, we explored the impact of these micronutrients on immune responses following Oxford-AstraZeneca coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination among Nigerians.
METHODS
Two hundred healthcare workers (HCs) who presented at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital were recruited during the first dose and followed up 4 weeks post-first and post-second doses. Data (serum vitamin D/zinc, COVID-19 anti-spike immunoglobulin G [ASIgG]) were determined on the day of the first dose and repeated 4 weeks post-first dose and 4 weeks post-second dose. Vitamin D (VitD) status, assessed using serum 25(OH)D, was categorized as sufficient (≥50 nmol/L) or insufficient/deficient (<50 nmol/L) while zinc status was categorized as sufficient (≥11.3 µmol/L) or insufficient (<11.3 µmol/L). Post-second dose ASIgG titer status was categorized as optimal (>7,352 AU/mL) or sub-optimal (<7,352 AU/mL) as defined by the World Health Organization. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05.
RESULTS
HCs with both VitD and zinc sufficiency (n=97) had higher ASIgG titer levels (4 weeks post-first dose=15,977±367.88 AU/mL; 4 weeks post-second dose=22,603±451.18 AU/mL) after the first and second doses compared to only the VitD sufficient (n=58) cohorts (4 weeks post-first dose=4,680±154.77 AU/mL; 4 weeks post-second dose=7,850±200.60 AU/mL) and the zinc-sufficient (n=63) cohorts (4 weeks post-first dose=5,770±160.41 AU/mL; 4 weeks post-second dose=8,100±206.91 AU/mL) (p<0.05). The VitD and zinc-sufficient HCs were also more likely to achieve optimal ASIgG titer levels (odds ratio, 2.97; 95% confidence interval, 2.11-4.123; p<0.001) 4 weeks post-second dose following adjustment for confounders.
CONCLUSION
VitD and zinc sufficiency had a positive impact on immune responses following AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination.
引言
理论上认为维生素D和锌充足会影响各种免疫接种后的免疫增强潜力。在此，我们探讨了这些微量营养素对尼日利亚人接种牛津-阿斯利康2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗后免疫反应的影响。
方法
招募了200名在河流州立大学教学医院就诊的医护人员，在接种第一剂疫苗时纳入研究，并在第一剂疫苗接种后4周以及第二剂疫苗接种后4周进行随访。在接种第一剂疫苗当天测定数据（血清维生素D/锌、COVID-19抗刺突免疫球蛋白G [ASIgG]），并在第一剂疫苗接种后4周和第二剂疫苗接种后4周重复测定。使用血清25(OH)D评估的维生素D（VitD）状态分为充足（≥50 nmol/L）或不足/缺乏（<50 nmol/L），而锌状态分为充足（≥11.3 µmol/L）或不足（<11.3 µmol/L）。根据世界卫生组织的定义，第二剂疫苗接种后ASIgG滴度状态分为最佳（>7,352 AU/mL）或次优（<7,352 AU/mL）。统计学显著性定义为p<0.05。
结果
维生素D和锌均充足的医护人员（n = 97）在接种第一剂和第二剂疫苗后，其ASIgG滴度水平更高（第一剂疫苗接种后4周 = 15,977±367.88 AU/mL；第二剂疫苗接种后4周 = 22,603±451.18 AU/mL），相比之下，仅维生素D充足的队列（n = 58）（第一剂疫苗接种后4周 = 4,680±154.77 AU/mL；第二剂疫苗接种后4周 = 7,850±200.60 AU/mL）和锌充足的队列（n = 63）（第一剂疫苗接种后4周 = 5,770±160.41 AU/mL；第二剂疫苗接种后4周 = 8,100±206.91 AU/mL）（p<0.05）。在对混杂因素进行调整后，维生素D和锌充足的医护人员在第二剂疫苗接种后4周也更有可能达到最佳ASIgG滴度水平（优势比，2.97；95%置信区间，2.11 - 4.123；p<0.001）。
结论
维生素D和锌充足对阿斯利康COVID-19疫苗接种后的免疫反应有积极影响。
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