Waddell Jack T, King Scott E, Corbin William R, Lee Christine M
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego.
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2025 May 5. doi: 10.1037/adb0001067.
Alcohol expectancies are well-studied between-person risk factors for problem drinking. However, no studies have tested mechanisms through which daily deviations in expectancies relate to drinking behavior during acute drinking episodes. This study filled this void, testing a sequential mediation model regarding the roles of social context, subjective responses, and craving in relations between daily deviations in expectancies and drinking behavior.
Participants ( = 131) who reported past-month binge, social, and solitary drinking completed 21 days of morning and afternoon ecological momentary assessments and event-contingent drinking reports. Multilevel models tested whether daytime expectancies predicted social context at drink initiation, which indirectly predicted within-session drinking through deviations in subjective responses and craving. Expectancies/subjective responses were measured across valence/arousal (high arousal positive/reward, low arousal positive/relaxation, high arousal negative/aggression, low arousal negative/impairment).
Increased daytime expectancies predicted experiencing the expected effect while drinking, even when controlling for context and consumption. Increased daytime rewarding expectancies predicted initiating drinking in social contexts, which indirectly predicted heavier within-session drinking via increased rewarding subjective effects and craving. In contrast, daytime relaxation expectancies predicted lesser within-session drinking, above and beyond context, subjective effects, and craving. Finally, increased daytime aggression expectancies predicted aggressive subjective effects, which indirectly predicted heavier within-session drinking via increased craving.
Expectancies regarding later drinking predicted context-specific drinking and subjective effects, consistent with self-fulfilling prophecies of alcohol effects. Future research should consider testing the efficacy of coupling daytime fluctuations in expectancies with adaptive interventions seeking to increase protective strategy utilization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
饮酒预期是经充分研究的饮酒问题的个体间风险因素。然而，尚无研究检验预期的日常偏差与急性饮酒发作期间饮酒行为之间的关联机制。本研究填补了这一空白，检验了一个关于社会环境、主观反应和渴望在预期的日常偏差与饮酒行为关系中所起作用的序列中介模型。
报告过去一个月有暴饮、社交性饮酒和独自饮酒经历的参与者（n = 131）完成了为期21天的上午和下午生态瞬时评估以及事件相关饮酒报告。多层次模型检验了白天的预期是否能预测饮酒开始时的社会环境，而社会环境又是否会通过主观反应和渴望的偏差间接预测饮酒过程中的饮酒量。预期/主观反应是根据效价/唤醒水平（高唤醒积极/奖励、低唤醒积极/放松、高唤醒消极/攻击、低唤醒消极/损害）来测量的。
白天预期增加预示着饮酒时会体验到预期效果，即使在控制了环境和饮酒量的情况下也是如此。白天奖励预期增加预示着在社交环境中开始饮酒，这又通过增加奖励性主观效果和渴望间接预示着饮酒过程中饮酒量更大。相比之下，白天放松预期预示着饮酒过程中饮酒量较少，超出了环境、主观效果和渴望的影响。最后，白天攻击预期增加预示着攻击性主观效果，这又通过增加渴望间接预示着饮酒过程中饮酒量更大。
对后续饮酒的预期预示着特定情境下的饮酒行为和主观效果，这与酒精效果的自我实现预言一致。未来的研究应考虑检验将预期的白天波动与旨在增加保护性策略使用的适应性干预措施相结合的效果。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2025美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
