DCMS analysis revealed differential selection signatures in the transboundary Sahiwal cattle for major economic traits.

The Sahiwal are among the most prominent international transboundary dairy cattle distributed in large numbers between India and Pakistan. With the elapse of more than seven decades after the independence and limited cross-border exchange of Sahiwal germplasm, one thought-provoking question arises as to whether natural and artificial selection could alter the genomic signature patterns in the Sahiwal, reared for different purposes in these two countries. Deciphering the genetic mechanisms that underlie economic traits is essential for advancement and long-term breeding plans that are reflected in the distinct selection signatures they carry. To identify these genomic signatures, three medium-density SNP datasets of Sahiwal from three geographical locations of India and Pakistan were analyzed, using De-Correlated Composite of Multiple Selection Signals technique to identify the major candidate genes. In the genome of Sahiwal, a total of 70 genomic regions with 261 protein-coding genes were found. Milk production (NEK11, HMGCS1, BTN1A1,KCNH3), reproduction (SH3BGR, PSMG1, BRWD1,B3GALT5) and immune response genes (BPIFB1, MCOLN2) were more closely related to the Indian Sahiwal. Pakistani Sahiwal had genes closely linked with the dual-purpose meat (RALGAPA2, RIN2, CFAP61), and milk (SLC24A3 GALNT17, BACH2) traits. Our findings revealed differential patterns of selection signatures in transboundary Sahiwal cattle.