El-Naas Ahmed, Hamad Omar, Nair Siddhant, Alfakhri Bushra, Mahmoud Shadi, Haji Aliyaa, Ahmed Lina, Lebbe Ahamed, Aboulwafa Ali, Shaikh Farha, Bouhali Imane, Zakaria Dalia
Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
Department of Premedical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2025 May 6:2492211. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2025.2492211.
COVID-19 may primarily cause respiratory symptoms but can lead to long-term effects known as long COVID. COVID-19-induced diabetes mellitus was reported in many patients which shares characteristics of types 1 and 2 (T1DM and T2DM). This study aims to identify and analyze the reported cases of new onset diabetes post-COVID-19 infection. Several databases were used to conduct a comprehensive literature search to target studies reporting cases of T1DM or T2DM post-COVID-19 infection. Screening, data extraction, and cross checking were performed by two independent reviewers. Only 43 studies met our inclusion criteria. Our results revealed that the overall prevalence of new onset diabetes post-COVID-19 was 1.37% with higher prevalence for T2DM (0.84%) as compared to T1DM (0.017%) while the type of diabetes was not reported in 0.51% of the cases. Several risk factors for developing diabetes post-COVID-19 infection were identified including the type of SARS-CoV-2 variant, age, comorbidities and the vaccination status. The direct viral attack of the pancreatic beta cells as well as inflammation and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroids were proposed as possible mechanisms of the COVID-19 induced diabetes. A multidisciplinary approach involving endocrinologists, primary care physicians, and infectious disease specialists should be implemented in the management of post-COVID patients to address both the acute and long-term complications, including metabolic changes and risk of diabetes.
新冠病毒病（COVID-19）可能主要引发呼吸道症状，但会导致被称为“长新冠”的长期影响。许多患者报告了新冠病毒病诱发的糖尿病，其兼具1型和2型糖尿病（T1DM和T2DM）的特征。本研究旨在识别和分析新冠病毒感染后新发糖尿病的报告病例。使用了多个数据库进行全面的文献检索，以查找报告新冠病毒感染后T1DM或T2DM病例的研究。由两名独立评审员进行筛选、数据提取和交叉核对。只有43项研究符合我们的纳入标准。我们的结果显示，新冠病毒感染后新发糖尿病的总体患病率为1.37%，其中T2DM的患病率（0.84%）高于T1DM（0.017%），而0.51%的病例未报告糖尿病类型。确定了新冠病毒感染后发生糖尿病的几个风险因素，包括严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）变体类型、年龄、合并症和疫苗接种状况。胰腺β细胞的直接病毒攻击以及炎症和抗炎性皮质类固醇被认为是新冠病毒病诱发糖尿病的可能机制。在管理新冠康复患者时，应采用由内分泌学家、初级保健医生和传染病专家组成的多学科方法，以解决急性和长期并发症，包括代谢变化和糖尿病风险。
