Fernandes Carina, Maruta Carolina, Marques-Dias Catarina M, Reis Cátia
Centro de Medicina Naval, Portuguese Navy, Lisbon, Portugal.
NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Behav Sleep Med. 2025 Jul-Aug;23(4):526-539. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2025.2493650. Epub 2025 May 6.
Operational work contexts promote sleep and circadian disturbances, especially in extreme environments. To identify mitigation factors, this study aimed to explore submariners' sleep changes in relation to a mission and association with different psychological factors.
Thirty military submariners were evaluated in real-life conditions on three consecutive periods: pre-mission/baseline, submarine mission, post-mission/recovery. Sleep duration, quality, and sleepiness were collected continuously via diary and actigraphy. Personality traits, coping strategies, locus of control, fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were assessed through questionnaires.
During the mission, there was a significant decrease in sleep duration and quality and increase in sleepiness compared with baseline, recovering post-mission. Submariners slept a median of 55 minutes less than before the mission and 91 minutes less than after the mission. They also rated their sleep quality 0.45 points lower, while reporting 1.85 points higher sleepiness at the beginning of work shifts. Higher work satisfaction and extraversion trait score correlated with better scores on subjective sleep variables during the mission. Higher neuroticism trait and avoidant coping style had a negative impact on sleep-related parameters in all periods, mediated by anxiety symptoms.
Psychological factors are relevant for sleep in extreme occupational settings, especially regarding subjective parameters, and even in highly selected and trained populations, potentially informing intervention opportunities.
工作环境会导致睡眠和昼夜节律紊乱，尤其是在极端环境中。为了确定缓解因素，本研究旨在探讨潜艇船员在执行任务期间的睡眠变化以及与不同心理因素的关联。
对30名军事潜艇船员在现实生活条件下进行了连续三个阶段的评估：任务前/基线期、潜艇任务期、任务后/恢复期。通过日记和活动记录仪持续收集睡眠时间、质量和嗜睡情况。通过问卷调查评估人格特质、应对策略、控制点、疲劳、焦虑和抑郁症状。
与基线期相比，任务期间睡眠时间和质量显著下降，嗜睡情况增加，任务后恢复。潜艇船员的睡眠时间比任务前中位数少55分钟，比任务后少91分钟。他们对睡眠质量的评分也低0.45分，而在轮班开始时报告的嗜睡程度高1.85分。较高的工作满意度和外向性特质得分与任务期间主观睡眠变量的较好得分相关。较高的神经质特质和回避应对方式在所有阶段对睡眠相关参数都有负面影响，通过焦虑症状介导。
心理因素在极端职业环境中与睡眠相关，尤其是在主观参数方面，即使在经过高度挑选和训练的人群中也是如此，这可能为干预机会提供依据。
