Metkie Kassahun Animut, Asgedom Yordanos Sisay, Sertsewold Seblewongel Gebretsadik, Abebe Mesfin, Gebrekidan Amanuel Yosef, Tebeje Tsion Mulat
Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2025 May 6;20(5):e0322731. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322731. eCollection 2025.
Infectious diseases that have affected countless newborns, children, and adults can be avoided with polio vaccination. The WHO and Lesotho's health strategy placed a strong emphasis on vaccination as a means of preventing and controlling infectious diseases. The current study's goal was to indicate marginal effects and identify the determinants of polio vaccination status in children between the ages of 12 and 23 months.
The polio vaccination status in Lesotho was evaluated using LDHS data collected from 490 children aged 12-23 months. The prevalence of polio vaccination was presented through frequencies and percentages. The heterogeneity in child polio vaccination status across clusters was determined using the ICC value and the chi-square test. The data was analyzed using a multilevel ordinal model, and model selection was based on IC values.
The descriptive findings of the study revealed that approximately 29.6% of children were not fully vaccinated against polio. The use of multilevel analysis was deemed appropriate based on a significant chi-square result (p-value = 0.033). Clusters accounted for approximately 15.9% (ICC = 15.88) of the overall variation in polio vaccination status among children. The final adjusted random intercept PO model indicated a significant relationship (p-value < 0.05) between children's polio vaccination status and factors such as district type, health facility visits in the past 12 months, number of ANC visits, place of delivery, and family size. The marginal effects of these key variables were also significant for each category of polio vaccination status.
In Lesotho and around the world, polio vaccination is a crucial health measure to enhance children's development. Approximately 29.6% of the children in the study were not fully vaccinated. These rates differed by district and the number of ANC visits the moms had. Treatments and safeguards for children's health should be more focused on enhancing medical facilities and services and encouraging ANC visits to receive care.
通过脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种可避免影响无数新生儿、儿童和成人的传染病。世界卫生组织和莱索托的卫生战略高度重视疫苗接种，将其作为预防和控制传染病的一种手段。本研究的目的是指出边际效应，并确定12至23个月大儿童脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种状况的决定因素。
利用从490名12 - 23个月大儿童收集的莱索托人口与健康调查（LDHS）数据评估脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种状况。脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种率通过频率和百分比呈现。使用组内相关系数（ICC）值和卡方检验确定各集群中儿童脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种状况的异质性。数据采用多水平有序模型进行分析，模型选择基于信息准则（IC）值。
该研究的描述性结果显示，约29.6%的儿童未完全接种脊髓灰质炎疫苗。基于显著的卡方结果（p值 = 0.033），认为使用多水平分析是合适的。集群占儿童脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种状况总体差异的约15.9%（ICC = 15.88）。最终调整后的随机截距泊松模型表明，儿童脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种状况与地区类型、过去12个月内的医疗机构就诊次数、产前检查次数、分娩地点和家庭规模等因素之间存在显著关系（p值 < 0.05）。这些关键变量的边际效应对于脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种状况的每一类别也都具有显著性。
在莱索托乃至全世界，脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种都是促进儿童发育的关键卫生措施。该研究中约29.6%的儿童未完全接种疫苗。这些比率因地区以及母亲的产前检查次数而异。儿童健康的治疗和保障措施应更侧重于改善医疗设施和服务，并鼓励进行产前检查以获得护理。
