Ganuza Cristina, Redlich Sarah, Rojas-Botero Sandra, Tobisch Cynthia, Zhang Jie, Benjamin Caryl, Englmeier Jana, Ewald Jörg, Fricke Ute, Haensel Maria, Kollmann Johannes, Riebl Rebekka, Schiele Susanne, Uhler Johannes, Uphus Lars, Müller Jörg, Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf
Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Bayern, Germany.
Chair of Restoration Ecology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Bayern, Germany.
Proc Biol Sci. 2025 May;292(2046):20243053. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2024.3053. Epub 2025 May 7.
Climate and land-use change are major drivers of insect decline, yet their interactive effects on insect richness and abundance, especially across trophic levels, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate how temperature and land use shape insect communities across spatial scales and trophic levels, from flowering plants and cavity-nesting bees to hunting wasps, their antagonists and parasitism rates. Using trap nests and a space-for-time approach, we surveyed 179 plots spanning four habitat types (forest, grassland, arable land and settlements) across 60 study regions in Germany covering semi-natural, agricultural and urban landscapes. Bee richness and abundance responded to climate-land-use interactions across spatial scales, being higher with warmer local daytime temperatures and overall warmer climates, but only in less intensive land uses. In contrast, elevated night-time temperatures negatively affected bees. Higher trophic levels benefited more consistently from warmer climates than lower trophic levels and were less affected by high local daytime and night-time temperatures. Parasitism rates were lowest in arable land but similar across habitats within semi-natural regions, suggesting that landscape-scale processes buffer local effects. Our findings underscore the importance of considering night-time temperatures for diurnal insects and suggest that rising temperatures may exacerbate the negative impacts of land use on pollinators.
气候和土地利用变化是昆虫数量减少的主要驱动因素，然而它们对昆虫丰富度和数量的交互影响，尤其是跨营养级的影响，仍知之甚少。在此，我们研究温度和土地利用如何在空间尺度和营养级上塑造昆虫群落，从开花植物和筑巢蜜蜂到捕食性黄蜂、它们的天敌以及寄生率。我们使用诱捕巢和空间换时间的方法，在德国60个研究区域调查了179个样地，这些样地跨越四种栖息地类型（森林、草地、耕地和居民区），涵盖半自然、农业和城市景观。蜜蜂的丰富度和数量在空间尺度上对气候 - 土地利用的相互作用有响应，在当地白天温度较高且总体气候较温暖时更高，但仅在土地利用强度较低的情况下如此。相比之下，夜间温度升高对蜜蜂有负面影响。较高营养级比较低营养级更持续地受益于温暖气候，并且受当地白天和夜间高温的影响较小。寄生率在耕地中最低，但在半自然区域内的不同栖息地之间相似，这表明景观尺度的过程缓冲了局部影响。我们的研究结果强调了考虑夜间温度对昼行性昆虫的重要性，并表明气温上升可能会加剧土地利用对传粉者的负面影响。
