Reichardt Elisabeth, Eigenthaler Martin, Jost-Brinkmann Paul-Georg, Stellzig-Eisenhauer Angelika, Verna Carlalberta, Plumeier Iris, Kahl Silke, Junca Howard, Vilchez-Vargas Ramiro, Pieper Dietmar H
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, University Center for Dental Medicine, UZB, Basel, Switzerland.
Section of Orthodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2025 May 6;109(1):111. doi: 10.1007/s00253-025-13496-0.
In this pilot study, we investigated the bacterial changes introduced on the subgingival, tongue, and saliva microbiota during fixed orthodontic treatment, with or without daily administration of nitrate-containing beet juice for 2 weeks in 22 individuals with good general health. We followed clinical parameters in combination with microbiota changes before, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. In accordance with variations in community composition at the sampling sites, effects to orthodontic treatment differed. Subgingival communities responded promptly to orthodontic treatment with no additional structural changes over time, whereas saliva and tongue communities were affected only after extended treatment. Periodontal pathogens such as Selenomonas sputigena were enriched in subgingival communities, whereas Streptococcus mutans was enriched in saliva. Specifically, Rothia mucilaginosa increased tremendously in relative abundance in both tongue and saliva communities. The effect of beet juice on microbial composition was significant in subgingival samples even though the differences were not mirrored in single differentially distributed genera or species. This indicates changes in the complete subgingival microbial net of interacting species. However, the prevention of Corynebacterium matruchotii enrichment by beet juice may be important for prevention of biofilm formation. Enrichment of Neisseria flavescens group bacteria and Abiotrophia and depletion of different Actinomyces and Stomatobaculum were observed on tongue communities. We conclude that subgingival microbiota are rapidly affected by fixed orthodontic appliances and can be positively influenced by regular administration of nitrate-containing juice. KEY POINTS: • The subgingival site, tongue, and saliva contain different microbiota • The microbiota react differently to orthodontic treatment and beet juice • Key genera and species affected by treatments were identified.
在这项初步研究中，我们调查了22名健康状况良好的个体在接受固定正畸治疗期间，无论是否每天饮用含硝酸盐的甜菜汁两周，其龈下、舌部和唾液微生物群的细菌变化。我们跟踪了临床参数，并结合固定正畸矫治器治疗前、治疗2周后和6个月后的微生物群变化。根据采样部位群落组成的变化，正畸治疗的效果有所不同。龈下群落对正畸治疗反应迅速，且随着时间推移无额外结构变化，而唾液和舌部群落仅在长期治疗后受到影响。牙周病原体如龈沟栖瘤菌在龈下群落中富集，而变形链球菌在唾液中富集。具体而言，粘性罗氏菌在舌部和唾液群落中的相对丰度大幅增加。甜菜汁对微生物组成的影响在龈下样本中显著，尽管差异未反映在单个差异分布的属或物种中。这表明相互作用物种的完整龈下微生物网络发生了变化。然而，甜菜汁预防粘液棒状杆菌富集可能对预防生物膜形成很重要。在舌部群落中观察到微黄奈瑟菌属细菌和缺陷菌属的富集以及不同放线菌属和口腔杆菌属的减少
