Heinemeier Dorothee, Schmid Philipp, Eitze Sarah, Betsch Cornelia
Institute for Planetary Health Behaviour, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, 99089, Germany.
Implementation Research, Health Communication, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
BMC Public Health. 2025 May 6;25(1):1672. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22441-9.
The reasons for low influenza and pneumococcal vaccine acceptance in the elderly population are largely unknown - despite the great need of vaccines in this risk group. While many studies examine the relationship between factors influencing vaccination, such as sociodemographic characteristics and influenza and pneumococcal vaccination intentions and behavior, psychological factors, such as vaccine-specific attitudes, are underutilized in research on vaccination behaviors and intervention strategies. This article assesses the psychological antecedents of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in the elderly and assesses the predictive power of psychological vs. sociodemographic and other factors surrounding vaccination, on vaccination behavior.
A cross-sectional telephone survey, representative of age, gender and rural/urban residence, was conducted with N = 701 German participants > 60 years of age, during the influenza season of 2016-17. Multiple logistic regressions were conducted to identify the relevant determinants of vaccination behavior.
Results show unique patterns in the psychological antecedents: while confidence, the belief in the effectiveness of vaccination and calculation, the need for information, complacency, the lack of risk perception and constraints, and perceived practical barriers to vaccination predicted influenza vaccination behavior, only complacency predicted pneumococcal vaccination behavior. The amount of explained variance in influenza vaccination behavior nearly doubles when psychological antecedents of vaccination are taken into account, beyond other factors surrounding vaccination. However, the effect was smaller for pneumococcal vaccination behavior. The results are compared to a subnational sample.
Understanding the psychological drivers of vaccination can help to plan interventions effectively.
Deutsches Register Klinische Studien (German Clinical Trials Register) DRKS00012653. Registered 24.11.2017. Retrospectively registered.
尽管老年人群对疫苗有巨大需求，但该人群对流感疫苗和肺炎球菌疫苗的接受率较低，其原因很大程度上尚不清楚。虽然许多研究探讨了影响疫苗接种的因素之间的关系，如社会人口学特征与流感疫苗和肺炎球菌疫苗接种意愿及行为，但疫苗特异性态度等心理因素在疫苗接种行为和干预策略研究中的应用不足。本文评估了老年人流感疫苗和肺炎球菌疫苗接种的心理前因，并评估了心理因素与社会人口学因素及其他疫苗接种相关因素对疫苗接种行为的预测能力。
在2016 - 17年流感季节，对701名年龄大于60岁的德国参与者进行了一项具有年龄、性别和城乡居住代表性的横断面电话调查。进行了多项逻辑回归分析以确定疫苗接种行为的相关决定因素。
结果显示了心理前因的独特模式：信心、对疫苗有效性的信念以及算计、对信息的需求、自满、缺乏风险感知和限制以及感知到的疫苗接种实际障碍预测了流感疫苗接种行为，而只有自满预测了肺炎球菌疫苗接种行为。当考虑到疫苗接种的心理前因时，流感疫苗接种行为的解释方差量在考虑其他疫苗接种相关因素之外几乎翻倍，但对肺炎球菌疫苗接种行为的影响较小。将结果与一个次国家级样本进行了比较。
了解疫苗接种的心理驱动因素有助于有效规划干预措施。
德国临床试验注册中心（German Clinical Trials Register）DRKS00012653。于2017年11月24日注册。回顾性注册。
