体育参与、自发运动及动机因素对福州大学生身体素质的影响

The impact of sports participation, spontaneous sports, and motivational factors on the physical fitness of university students in Fuzhou.

作者信息

Zhu Xiangfei, Lin Jidong, Cai Feng, Yan Yanqing

机构信息

Faculty of Liberal Studies, Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan, 523668, China.

出版信息

BMC Public Health. 2025 May 6;25(1):1668. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22859-1.

DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-22859-1

PMID:40329289

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12054208/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

This study seeks to propose and empirically test a conceptual model that elucidates the complex interrelationships among sports participation, spontaneous sports, sports motivation, lifelong sports, and physical fitness among university students in Fuzhou. While the existing literature has examined various facets of physical activity and fitness, there is a notable paucity of research that simultaneously explores the influence of both spontaneous sports engagement and sports motivation on physical fitness, particularly within the context of university students in China. This gap in the literature highlights the pressing need for a nuanced empirical investigation to better understand how these factors interact and contribute to the promotion of lifelong sports and enhanced fitness outcomes.

METHODS

A systematic stratified sampling method was used to collect data from 400 university students across 18 undergraduate institutions in Fuzhou. The collected survey data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

RESULTS

Sports participation (β = 0.32, p < 0.001) and spontaneous sports engagement (β = 0.21, p < 0.001) demonstrated a significant positive influence on the physical fitness of university students. Moreover, sports participation (β = 0.43, p < 0.001) was a strong predictor of sustained physical activity levels among this group. In addition, sports participation (β = 0.47, p < 0.001) fostered spontaneous sports behaviors in university students, with spontaneous sports acting as a mediating variable in the relationship between sports participation and physical fitness. Furthermore, sports motivation played a crucial moderating role in the relationship between sports participation and spontaneous sports behaviors among university students.

CONCLUSION

The SEM results of this study support the proposed model, which explains the interrelationships among sports participation, spontaneous sports, Sports Motivation, and physical fitness. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating spontaneous sports and verbal motivation mechanisms into sports participation interventions to enhance physical fitness. The results of this study contribute to the development of more effective health and exercise programs for university students in Fuzhou to improve their physical fitness.

摘要

背景

本研究旨在提出并实证检验一个概念模型，该模型阐明了福州大学生体育参与、自发运动、运动动机、终身体育和身体素质之间复杂的相互关系。虽然现有文献已经研究了体育活动和健身的各个方面，但同时探讨自发运动参与和运动动机对身体素质的影响的研究明显不足，尤其是在中国大学生的背景下。文献中的这一空白凸显了进行细致实证研究的迫切需求，以便更好地理解这些因素如何相互作用并促进终身体育和提高健身效果。

方法

采用系统分层抽样方法，从福州18所本科院校的400名大学生中收集数据。使用结构方程模型（SEM）对收集到的调查数据进行分析。

结果

体育参与（β = 0.32，p < 0.001）和自发运动参与（β = 0.21，p < 0.001）对大学生的身体素质有显著的正向影响。此外，体育参与（β = 0.43，p < 0.001）是该群体持续体育活动水平的有力预测指标。此外，体育参与（β = 0.47，p < 0.001）促进了大学生的自发运动行为，自发运动在体育参与和身体素质之间的关系中起中介变量的作用。此外，运动动机在大学生体育参与和自发运动行为之间的关系中起关键的调节作用。