O'Malley S S, Maisto S A
J Stud Alcohol. 1985 Jul;46(4):289-97. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1985.46.289.
The effects of family drinking history and expectancies on responses to alcohol were studied in men nonproblem drinkers aged 19-30. A total of 24 subjects who reported a history of parental alcoholism (FH+) were compared with matched controls who did not have such a family history (FH-) on their responses to drinking either a placebo beverage, a low dose of alcohol or a high dose of alcohol. Despite comparable levels of tolerance and blood alcohol levels (BALs), FH- subjects reported higher levels of intoxication, behavioral impairment, anesthesia and central stimulation than FH+ subjects, regardless of the dose consumed. In contrast, FH+ subjects did more poorly on a timed motor task. There were no significant differences between the two groups on their self-reported beliefs about the effects of alcohol. However, multiple-regression analyses showed that BAL accounted for a greater percentage of the variance in the self-report data of FH- subjects, whereas expectancies were more predictive for the FH+ subjects. The results suggest that FH+ subjects did not base their evaluations of the effects of alcohol as closely on the internal and external consequences of intoxication. This finding is discussed as being one component of their heightened risk for developing alcoholism.
在19至30岁的男性非问题饮酒者中，研究了家族饮酒史和预期对酒精反应的影响。共有24名报告有父母酗酒史的受试者（FH+）与没有这种家族史的匹配对照组（FH-）进行比较，比较他们饮用安慰剂饮料、低剂量酒精或高剂量酒精后的反应。尽管耐受性和血液酒精浓度（BALs）水平相当，但无论摄入剂量如何，FH-受试者报告的中毒、行为损害、麻醉和中枢刺激水平均高于FH+受试者。相比之下，FH+受试者在定时运动任务中的表现更差。两组在自我报告的关于酒精影响的信念方面没有显著差异。然而，多元回归分析表明，BAL在FH-受试者的自我报告数据方差中所占比例更大，而预期对FH+受试者的预测性更强。结果表明，FH+受试者对酒精影响的评估并非紧密基于中毒的内部和外部后果。这一发现被认为是他们患酒精中毒风险增加的一个因素。
